Documents found
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2851.More information
The scientific literature that aims to identify the determinants of psychological distress at work essentially focuses on psychosocial risk factors that are widespread in various types of jobs, such as task characteristics (Karasek, 1979). These are factors that can be associated with many occupations since their conceptualization is generic (e.g., quantitative workload). However, studies that focus on factors that are specific to the very nature of the jobs studied are still a minority in the literature on psychological distress. In our study, we investigate the stress factors associated with the role of the first-line manager, which is recognized for its so-called “paradoxical” nature (Hales, 2005). We aim to identify the stress factors associated with their role, and then to verify their influence on first-line managers’ psychological distress. Therefore, we opt for a mixed methodology by deploying a sequential exploratory design (Creswell, 2009). This type of design begins with an inductive approach that allows the collection of qualitative data (N=14) conducive to the discovery of specific stress factors. The quantitative study then makes it possible to verify the effect of these stress factors on the level of psychological distress using data provided from a larger sample (N= 243). Our research highlights the specific risk factors associated with the role of first-line managers, namely the accountability / control conflict as well as the role conflict related to the paradoxical position they occupy. Also, the hypothetico-deductive study shows that these specific factors contribute to influencing first-line managers’ psychological distress along with generic risk factors (i.e., quantitative workload). Our results provide a better understanding of how tasks and responsibilities contribute to engender psychological distress in addition to positioning risk factors that are specific to first-line managers as a relevant research avenue to deepen the understanding of the phenomenon of psychological distress at work.
Keywords: Détresse psychologique, Psychological distress, Cadres de premier niveau, Front-line managers, Tensions de rôle, Role tensions, Demandes psychologiques, Job demands, Risques psychosociaux, Psychological risk factors
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2852.More information
Introduction: Although it brings several benefits, simulation in emergency care can cause significant psychological stress and thus inhibit the learning process. The addition of an educational video (EV) to the briefing would better prepare students. However, the acceptability of an EV as well as its effects are unknown. Objectives: 1) to document the acceptability of an EV to the briefing in emergency care simulation with nursing students, and 2) to measure the effects of the EV on situational anxiety and teamwork. Methods: A randomized post-test experimental design with a control group was conducted with 125 nursing students recruited using a convenience sample, randomly divided into two groups: a) control (n= 50) without viewing of an EV and b) experimental (n= 75), with viewing of an EV. Questionnaires were administered to assess the acceptability of the EV, situational anxiety, and teamwork. Results: The majority of participants of the experimental group recognize the acceptability of the EV. However, no effect of the EV could be demonstrated on situational anxiety (p = 0.24) and teamwork (p = 0.95). Discussion and conclusion: It seems important that the EV is implemented in a supervised manner, including discussions about its content, in order to increase the benefits for the students. Future studies comparing the presentation of an EV with or without discussion surrounding its presentation, as well as before and after the simulation, would provide a better understanding of its influence on situational anxiety and teamwork.
Keywords: anxiété, capsule pédagogique, acceptabilité, simulation, travail d'équipe, anxiety, educational video, acceptability, simulation, teamwork
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2853.More information
This article discusses the perceptions of students with emotional and behavioral difficulties (EBD) regarding the effectiveness of teachers’ classroom management practices. The interviews with fourteen PDC students enrolled in secondary school special class were analyzed using a qualitative thematic analysis approach. Based on the model of the five components of classroom management, the results offer an unprecedented perspective on classroom management and reveal a large inventory of practices perceived effective by participants to manage the classroom. They also reveal that the type of school attended and attitudes towards it particularly influence their perceptions. Finally, the perceptions of students with EBD are quite consistent with the practices recommended by research in the field.
Keywords: Classroom management, Gestion de classe, students with emotional and behavioral difficulties, élèves présentant des difficultés comportementales, perceptions, perceptions, practices, pratiques, effectiveness, efficacité
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2855.More information
All aspects of work have undergone gradual change, particularly with regard to its nature: manual and/or intellectual. Among the many causes of these changes are technological progress, the development of artificial intelligence, the widespread use of the Internet, and the automation and robotization of activities. These changes have been accompanied by an accelerating decline in manual jobs in certain sectors, particularly manufacturing, while at the same time, in other sectors, there has been a shortage of manpower in jobs with a manual component, and whose performance of tasks involves the mobilization of knowledge and gives rise to practices (know-how) that are often underestimated. These changes have led to organizational transformation decisions being taken, often without sufficient understanding of the knowledge and know-how involved, which is a source of difficulties that it is pertinent to examine through the present article. Firstly, these difficulties are identified and then analyzed in an attempt to understand how, in a so-called knowledge society, workers’ knowledge and know-how can be so ignored. Secondly, we present examples of the knowledge and know-how associated with manual activities, and the problems resulting from processing decisions that did not take them sufficiently into account.
Keywords: Activités de manuelles, Manual activities, manutention, handling, know-how, savoir-faire, transformation, transformation
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2856.More information
Keywords: apprentissage du vocabulaire, oral réflexif, communication orale, élèves du 1er cycle du primaire
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2857.More information
Keywords: Prévention, Violence sexuelle, Promotion des relations respectueuses, Petite enfance, Communautés autochtones, Évaluation de programme
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2858.More information
Background: A charge nurse holds a clinical-administrative management position in health care institutions. To perform this position effectively, they must demonstrate specific competencies, including leadership, interpersonal communication, clinical-administrative caring, problem-solving, and knowledge and understanding of the work environment. Due in part to the shortcomings of existing training targeting this position, charge nurses receive limited support in terms of the appropriation of their position and the strengthening of their competencies. In response to this situation, a training was developed that takes into consideration the five required competencies, includes principles that promote the transfer of training, and would be systematically provided to new charge nurses exercising their position in health care institutions. This training was then subjected to an empirical validation process in order to be scientifically recognized. Objective: To empirically validate the training developed to support charge nurses in fulfilling their position, by assessing content validity and reliability. Method: This study is based on the conceptual model entitled “Modèle de formation pour l’assistante infirmière-chef” as well as the methodological framework Conducting and REporting DElphi Studies (CREDES) and reporting guidelines established by Spranger et al. (2022). A Delphi approach was used to validate the training by through a self-administered online questionnaire completed by experts. The questionnaire was divided into different sections, each containing specific validation questions. Content validity and reliability were assessed. A content validity index (CVI) ≥ 0.80 was targeted for each section and for each individual questions within those sections. A content analysis of the qualitative data obtained from the expert comments was conducted; this was followed by a non-parametric Mann–Whitney test for each section to assess the training's reliability. Findings: Two consultation rounds proved necessary. A total of 33 experts participated in the first round, and 21 in the second. Regarding content validity, after the second round of consultations, 11 of 12 sections and 104 of 113 questions had a CVI ≥ 0.80. The qualitative data analysis led to modifications in the training content for sections and questions that did not achieve the target validity index, in addition to generating seven recommendations to be considered when developing a training. Lastly, reliability was present with a p > 0.05 for nine out of 12 sections. Conclusion: This study validated the training developed to support charge nurses in fulfilling their position by strengthening their competencies. Supporting charge nurses in this manner will have positive impacts, particularly on the quality of care, the safety of users, and the retention rate of nursing staff.
Keywords: assistant infirmière-chef, charge nurse, competencies, compétence, training, formation, méthode Delphi, Delphi method
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2859.More information
Introduction: International studies suggest that a lack of forensic knowledge, clinical skills and organizational support may hinder nurses' implementation of the duty to report suspected cases of maltreatment to child welfare services. No studies to date have documented how the duty to report is integrated into primary care nursing practice. Objectives: To describe primary care nurses' perceived role in preventing child maltreatment and to explore the process of implementing mandatory reporting to child welfare services. Methods: A situational analysis was conducted using 14 semi-structured interviews with primary care nurses in Quebec, Canada. These interviews were qualitatively mapped and analyzed using inductive coding. Results: Clinical vigilance is an important dimension of nursing practice, which is influenced by external constraints. The implementation of the duty to report relies on clinical intuition, the exercise of discretionary power and organizational work that can be preventive, targeted or symbolic in scope. The determining factor in the implementation of the duty to report is the exercise of control over the situation and its anticipated consequences. Discussion and conclusion: These findings provide insight into the process of implementing mandatory reporting practices to child welfare services in terms of factors that may influence the exercise of nurses’ discretionary power.
Keywords: primary care, soins primaires, maltreatment, maltraitance, children, enfants, prévention, prevention, signalement, mandated reporting
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2860.More information
In this paper, the dynamics of early coffee production in the Americas are identified through cross-referencing of historical, genealogical, agronomic, and climatological data. We revisit the history of the diffusion of the coffee-tree, growing in the greenhouses of Amsterdam, towards the Dutch colonies by means, amongst others, of the barely exploited works such as by the English botanist Richard Bradley. In 1714, the latter spent time in the Hortus medicus of Amsterdam permitting us to propose corrections in the early historiography of the diffusion of coffee-trees. We start with the analysis of the Bradley's work and continue with a synthesis on the diffusion of coffee-trees in European greenhouses and their introduction into the Dutch colonies of the Guianas (Suriname, Essequibo, Berbice) and Curaçao. The date of 1714 can be retained as introduction date of the coffee-tree in Suriname from the greenhouses of Amsterdam but the introduction of coffee actually shows two seperate sequences (1696-1700 and 1706-1723). The gap (1701-1705) between these sequences can be related to climatic changes and possibly linked to temporary global warming. Finally, we also stress the importance of coffee-tree trade between colonies and the start of new plantations by comparing family ties, the roll of taxes (capitation) and local legislation revealing new insights on the situation in Suriname during the first decade of the XVIIIe century, prelude to the economic success of investors in this new cash crop.
Keywords: Coffea arabica, café, caféïculture, construction et échanges de savoirs, Richard Bradley, serres d'Amsterdam, Hortus medicus, Suriname, Essequibo, Guyanes, cultures coloniales, transferts de plantes, modélisation, paléo-climat, XVIII