Documents found
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Le mouvement du logiciel libre, qui propose que le code source des logiciels soit lisible, accessible et modifiable par tous, est un vaste mouvement de coopération internationale dans le développement de logiciels dont les plus matures constituent aujourd'hui des alternatives viables à certains produits commerciaux. Si beaucoup s'investissent dans cette forme de coopération par intérêt personnel ou professionnel, un nombre important d'acteurs définissent toutefois leur engagement comme étant clairement politique. Cette étude a pour objectif d'explorer la façon dont ces acteurs plus politisés définissent leur activité technique comme une forme d'engagement politique. Nous avons choisi de nous déplacer en Argentine afin d'étudier un réseau d'acteurs investis dans la promotion du logiciel libre et la construction du projet GNU d'un système informatique complètement libre qui a …
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This article discusses two laboratory experiments conducted in accordance with the expert-novice paradigm, and using a computer software program, to study the use of representations of teaching routine in planning sequences for mathematics, French and the sciences. The main goal was to observe both the creation representations of new routines and the activity of the learners on the software. Results show that the use of routines is not the privilege of experience, and that the differences that exist are a function of subject matter.
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Quand on pose la question de la participation des femmes dans le développement du logiciel libre, on entend souvent le chiffre 1 % de représentation. Pourtant, les groupes de développement du libre sont connus pour leurs principes de partage et d'échange, d'entraide et de collaborations, alors pourquoi les femmes sont-elles si peu présentes? Notre recherche s'est penchée sur ces femmes qui s'impliquent dans les groupes de développement du logiciel libre, qui sont motivées à y participer et veulent contribuer à son évolution, à l'amélioration de sa qualité et à son expansion. Le but est de mettre en avant leurs rôles, leurs connaissances et leurs expériences, ainsi que d'analyser leurs contributions dans le milieu. Pour ce faire, nous avons mené cette recherche auprès de neuf femmes …
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The main goal of this article is to elaborate a typology in the domain of computer-supported learning. The first problem that has to be addressed concerns the diversity of computer-supported learning programs and the multiple ways in which one could classify them. The proposed typology is based on the pedagogical function aimed at by the teachers or designers. Moreover, we propose a characterisation on three aspects : the tasks proposed to the learners, the theoretical viewpoint underlying the design and the way in which domain knowledge is dealt with. The typology comprises eight pedagogical functions that globally correspond to the types of programs that one can find in the literature on computer-supported learning. We subsequently examine the necessity, exhaustiveness and the exclusiveness of the categories. Finally, the last section presents three alternative approaches to the comparison between computer supported learning programs. An emerging implication is that evaluation of educational computer programs demands an adaptation of performance measures to the pedagogical functions aimed at.
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La contractualisation interne dans l'entreprise et ses limites. Le cas de la conception informatique
More informationFrançois Hochereau : Internal contract formalization in business and its limits. The case of software design. Businesses are at the present time a place where there is a multiplication of internal contracts and a generalization of market reference. Such contract formalization is aiming to give greater responsibility to each operative unit as regards its costs, thus reducing waste. The study of the present case, relative to software design, reveals however the perverse effects of formalization and compartmentalization, likely to harm the correct running of software projects. In fact the success of these projects depends on a regular adaptation of software in order to integrate emerging needs or to resolve unforeseen problems. All software projects therefore lead to numerous amendments and successive contracts. However, the temporary close down imposed by these contracts prevents an informal redistribution of tasks and skills which are in fact necessary when trying to solve problems rapidly. The stability of contractual relations thus depends, on one hand, on the capacity of the parties to remain united in time for the correct running of the software and, on the other hand, on a regular adaptation of the contractual context in order to know the investments accorded to each party to carry out the project. Often confronted with the problem of excess in terms of delivery time and cost, it could be asked whether internal contracts are not just rather empty frameworks.
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Is it possible to organize original political action and reinvent citizen spaces within the new media and information technologies (IT) configurations ? We have identified three kinds of activism. The first activism concerns access. These activists, most of them from community groups, try to ensure that as many people as possible are able to use, understand and control information technologies, while trying to stay away from financially inaccessible and culturally uninteresting commercial logics. In a neoliberal context, however, community groups are often forced to shift their mode of intervention or funding strategies. Some groups, having become accustomed to mediating their own voices and actions, have learned how to give them a global reach but also to restructure their relationship to information and communication. This leads us to the second activism, which is related to the media. Fighting against the invasion of advertising, activists have come together to subvert messages within the propaganda and marketing media. Decrying the convergence and the increasing privatization of the media sector, other initiatives have emerged to provide quality alternative media, written by citizens but also by journalists freed from their usual constraints. The third activism is about technology, that is, the nature, and ownership of devices for communication. Techno-activists claim a right for inspection and intervention on how technical devices around us operate and are organized. They also advocate for an information commons and freedom of access to knowledge. How are these activisms related ? To what extent do they reflect a movement of global reconfiguration of political action ? Are the struggles that have been put in place in Quebec perennial and influential ?