Documents found
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471.More information
The Échelle de mesure de la force de motivation pour les études médicales (French version of Strength of Motivation for Medical Studies [SMMS]) includes 16 items, and its short version, 15 items (SMMS-R). Both versions have been the subject of structural analyses in Netherlands and France. However, these previous works presented several methodological weaknesses. This study has involved 410 second- and third-year medical students. Based on a rigorous methodology, it concerns the structural properties of the scale, measurement invariance and gender differences. A polychoric correlation matrix were submitted to exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses using mean and variance adjusted diagonally weighted least squares method for estimation. Measurement invariance was carried out by multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Gender differences were explored statistically. The results validate a new three-factor structural model (acceptance of sacrifices, tenacity, commitment) for the French version of the scale. Measurement invariance testing shows that the item/factor interaction is not influenced by gender. Finally, data analysis strengthens that the motivational force is similarly expressed by female and male students.
Keywords: analyse factorielle confirmatoire multigroupe, études de médecine, genre, motivation, SMMS, multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, medical studies, gender, motivation, SMMS, análise fatorial confirmatória multigrupo, estudos médicos, género, motivação, SMMS
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472.More information
For almost a decade, the effects of the financial crisis have been felt in local governments. Facing this constrained context, saving programs have been implemented. Several researches consider that this austerity context changes the underlying paradigm of public action. This research explores this issue by analyzing the way managers conceive austerity management. A quantitative study of textual data is conducted. We identify four types of austerity thinking based on two dimensions related to the orientation and the nature of the thinking. These results show that austerity management reflects a rebirth of NPM rather than a new paradigm for public action.
Keywords: Austérité CT, New Public Management, Performance, Austerity, Local Governments, New Public Management, Performance, Austeridad, Gobiernos locales, Nueva gestión pública, Rendimiento
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473.More information
Guérin-Pace (France). - Textual statistics: An exploratory tool for the social sciences The value of textual statistics is now widely acknowledged in many branches of the social sciences, reflecting the fact that there are few fields of research in which the text is not a major element for analysis. The statistical processing may be of responses to open questions, interviews, texts and even individual itineraries. The procedures are numerous and can be adapted to different kinds of material. The aim in the present article is to give a broad overview of the various applications of these methods, ranging from the most traditional to the most recent, and focusing on both the methodology used and the results obtained.
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474.More information
This article presents an overview of digital literary journals. A seemingly easy task given their brief lifetime—the first online journals appeared in the early 1990s—it is, in fact, considerably more complex than one might think for a number of reasons examined here. To begin with, even the definition of « digital literary journal » is not easily agreed upon. On the one hand, we use the word « digital » to refer to various heterogeneous practices that don't readily group together. On the other hand, what we now call the « digital revolution » has produced major changes in terms of content, production, validation and distribution which greatly impact the meaning of the word « journal » itself. Different phenomena must therefore be considered separately in any attempt to illuminate the disparate practices that overlap and impinge on one another. This article first investigates the challenges facing the digitization of journals, namely the process of transposing paper journals to electronic format. It then surveys the digital journals since their inception to try to understand the different experiences that occurred from one to the other. In conclusion, an attempt is made to understand how the digital as cultural phenomenon—especially amid changes in dissemination and circulation of content and the various forms of so-called « editorializing »—has transformed the very notion of the journal itself and given rise to complex and hybrid practices that may be difficult to situate in the overall cultural vista.
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476.More information
SummaryThis paper aims to explain the rationale of hypothesis testing in research. Many studies have shown some confusion as to the significance of hypothesis testing results. This confusion could partially come from discrepancies between the approaches of Fisher, Neyman and Pearson as well as Bayes. The article clarifies the information provided by the significance coefficient, effect size and power, and proposes various software to perform power and effect size analysis.
Keywords: tests d'hypothèses, signification statistique, taille de l'effet, puissance, inférence, hypothesis testing, statistical significance, effect size, power, inference, pruebas de hipótesis, significado estadístico, tamaño del efecto, potencia, inferencia
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477.More information
A self-taught generation.Seen as a tool for rationalizing work by management and, more generally, by all those able to play on the multipositionality of their professional identity, desktop computers have sometimes been perceived by the most dominated employees as a two-edged instrument leading, on the one hand, to the recognition of unofficial skills but, on the other, to self-exploiting behaviors that are the more tempting for being the condition for important professional upgrading.For those users in lower-ranking jobs with little autonomy, computers are a « plus », which allow them to enhance biographical features associated with schooling, family background, professional experience, a set of singular traits which nevertheless share the fact of being distinctive with regard to the qualities of those occupying equivalent jobs and which are the basis of useable qualifications. The diffusion of computer skills primarily via the workplace appears as a conjuncture in which these hitherto invisible or purportedly useless qualities become pertinent and can therefore be turned into professional qualifications. For this generation of adults faced with going back to school, computerization has crystallized a real skill that had not yet found a use or which had gone almost entirely unnoticed.
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478.More information
We propose to analyze both the network of actors and the network of the discourses mobilized in the controversy around Professor Didier Raoult and his Hydroxychloroquine-based therapeutic proposal against COVID-19. In order to confirm our hypothesis, we implement a sophisticated and innovative research method on a corpus of 1.2 million Tweets, which consists in applying a network analysis combined with a lexicometrics analysis. We show that the reaction peaks on Twitter were linked to important media events. Moreoever, many groups clustered around the accounts of political figures and media outlets that received numerous mentions. Trump's and Bolsonaro's supporter groups also connected with the French-speaking pro-Raoult groups. The messages of the pro-Raoult are a critique of the political economy of liberasim and its impasses, and not simply an anti-science conspiracy.
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479.More information
The article examines Ukrainian composer Leonid Hrabovsky's development of an algorithmic composition method from a broad historical perspective. The composer began working on the algorithmic composition method in the 1960s, during the formation of the avant-garde and dissident movement in Ukraine, and completed it in 2015, during the active decolonisation and European integration movement in Ukraine.
Keywords: composition, esthétique musicale, faire-musique, écoute, groove, timing, temporalité, partition situationnelle, musique à longue durée
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480.More information
An instrument that has already proven its relevance to Indigenous languages in its implementation at national level by the States Parties, the 2005 UNESCO Convention on the Diversity of Cultural Expressions also has a certain influence in commercial matters. A study of post-2005 trade agreements reveals that there are indeed cultural clauses that aim and can contribute to protecting Indigenous languages. These cultural clauses are all the more interesting in that they come in a variety of forms: reservations, specific commitments, cultural exception clauses, etc. The present text therefore proposes to list, quantify and analyze these different cultural clauses that the Parties to the UNESCO Convention have included in the various negotiated trade agreements they have negotiated, and which can contribute to the preservation of Indigenous languages, while promoting the principles and objectives of the 2005 Convention. This study thus makes it possible to list the best practices in this field.
Keywords: langues, autochtones, commerce, culture, diversité, languages, indigenous, trade, culture, diversity