Documents found
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481.More information
This article will describe the evolution of responsibilities at the Direction du traitement documentaire et métadonnées (DTDM) over the past twenty years. It will itemize the changes in descriptive cataloguing practices, authority management, collaborative cataloguing and the expansion of cataloguers' responsibilities to include, among other things, promoting Open Access and supporting research data management.
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483.More information
Electronics is the core of fundamental mutations that are upsetting the whole world industrial system and have been going on for a decade. The French electronics industry, far from having a leading position, followed hardly the world evolution when the new government in 1981 decided a restructuration in order to serve a global strategy for recovery. This paper aims to evaluate the results of French firms to a double constraint, that of the world evolution and the public policy one. So, French electronics is on the knife-edge, as each other can contribute to its collapse. No progress can escape denying the past public strategy but it cannot be long-lasting without substituting a clearly defined alternative strategy.
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484.More information
Online disinformation is not on the decline. The term infocalypse was actually coined by Schick (2020) to describe the seriousness of disinformation in the form of malicious deepfakes, which obscure what was previously considered authentic. This reflective article explores the complexity of the deepfake phenomenon to emphasize the urgent need for research that directly addresses educators and decision-makers. Under the lens of citizenship education, we argue that teachers, parents and educational actors must support students in developing critical thinking, agency in the digital environment and the ability to recognize deepfakes so that they can protect themselves and counteract this phenomenon. To answer the question "Why educate young people on malicious deepfakes?” we started by exploring this phenomenon and its dangers in the context of disinformation. First, this article exposes how deepfakes destabilize the perceptual foundations of human knowledge and discusses their threat to our societies. Secondly, it presents avenues considered and draws attention to the urgency of alerting young people to these dangers and involving them in counteracting this form of disinformation. Lastly, the article offers avenues for research in digital citizenship.
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485.More information
Several studies try to understand the relations that are present in encounters between individuals. Whether using questionnaires, interviews, semi-structured interviews or vignettes, it is difficult to capture and measure these phenomena. Systematic observation is a possible method that offers a wealth of information regarding interactions and it enables the researcher to describe a situation with objectivity. This paper presents the theoretical and methodological issues surrounding observation in a school context and it outlines the steps for developing an observation grid measuring the behaviour of teachers dealing with challenging behaviours exhibited by children with intellectual disability.
Keywords: observation, déficience intellectuelle, trouble du comportement, enseignant, observation, intellectual disability, challenging behavior, teacher
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486.More information
The aim of this study was to identify the reconfiguration of health-work relations caused by the increase in two phenomena in the work world: the digitalization of the service relationship and the ageing demographic of the active population. The accompanying article presents the results of research carried out in an airline company. The exploratory research sought to understand how the career paths of customer service agents are being put to the test by numerous, continuous changes that have been accelerating in recent years. To this end, we identified two main orientations: wear-and-tear paths, in which deficiencies tend to become more pronounced, and construction paths, which are vectors for skill development and health. The methodology combines: 1) a synchronic approach (an analysis, through the prism of work activity, of how changes interact and effect health and performance) and 2) a diachronic approach (identification of the various changes underway). An analysis of the work activity of five customer service agents revealed an intensification of work by way of increasing industrial and market constraints in the service relationship, as well as a change in the "co-production" of service in "digitized" situations. These new constraints arise at a time when room for maneuver at the organizational level is shrinking. These results call into question the possibility for these ageing personnel to hold their own in a context where work life is lengthening. The results also point to the resources on which agents rely at the various levels, be they individual (experience developed in the service relationship), collective (work teams), or organizational (coordinating of schedules, design of work stations and equipment). They likewise highlight the possibilities, when designing work organization and career paths, of taking these resources into account and drawing on health, HR, and managerial actors, who play a fundamental role.
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487.More information
The hypothesis of a progressive transformation of historical conditions seems invalidated by the course of the thirty years since the end of the Cold War. Politically, everything indicates that friend / foe logic continues - it is the easiest way to federate public opinion. Sociologically, the uses of the means of communication interpersonal landmark, substituting exchanges between people to political spaces. Christophe Bouton discusses the role of the great man in history, and Jaron Lanier indicates the challenge of computer networks to seize our era. But everything indicates that the technical upheavals are in turn factors of historical transformations.
Keywords: histoire, réseaux, informatique, grand homme, Tolstoï, politique, History, networks, digital, great man, Tolstoy, politics
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490.More information
AbstractThis paper argues that it is both possible and necessary to analyse universitycosts in a detailed and coherent way. Such analysis should rest on a model ofproduction. In the model proposed here, production results from the coordinated operation of several activities. The structure of these functional activities isreflected in the administrative organization, and also in the accounting set up ofthe financial reporting system. This data bank, together with the requiredsoftware, would already be usable as an operational tool for cost analysis. Later on,a proper model could be constructed.