Documents found
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521.More information
The historic study of the fragmentation of the parcels — and particularly of the layouts — has developed thanks to the interpretation of aerial photographs. The images, given by the satellite SPOT, introduce a much more adaptable and universal tool. But to use it, it is necessary to master a sophisticated technology. We first introduce the making of coloured images to ease the interpretation linked with aerial photographs, by showing the differences in the perception of the landscape. Then the combination of the two images allows to improve the perception and to calculate filtered images of limits which are selected by means of semiautomatic processes. The Fourrier spectra allow to get a statistic concerning the spacing between the limits of the fields and this statistic does not depend on any of the assumptions of the observer. Moreover, SPOT allows to see that the covered structures are neither a Greco-Roman phenomenon, nor a Mediterranean one, but they have been universally used for ages.
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523.More information
Keywords: Diversité ethnoculturelle, croyances et pratiques pédagogiques, grounded theory, école francophone minoritaire, vécu professionnel
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524.More information
Family planning is an important part of the broad range of subjects covered in demography. Contraceptive decision-making is the focus of various studies in the discipline. This article presents an illustration of the contribution of a qualitative approach to family planning research, focusing on contraceptive responsibility. The data used were obtained through semi-structured interviews with women in Yaoundé, the capital city of Cameroon. The information-gathering technique used provides respondents with a framework for expressing the meaning of their contraceptive practices, and also offers the researcher the tools to develop a reading grid not only of perceptions of issues in fertility regulation, but also of logics of action related to decision-making in emergency contraceptive pill use.
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526.More information
Given the changes and constant mutations which occur in societies at the social, political, economic, technological, and educational levels, the concept of citizenship must be continually redefined. While French-speaking citizens, immigrants and members of the host society can find common ground thanks to the French language, they can also find differences because of other characteristics linked to their identity, such as culture, ethnic background, religion, and history. This is why we must analyze the meaning that these groups give to the concepts of citizenship and citizen participation, interpreting the differences and similarities that surface in their discourse regarding these two concepts. The use of computerized tools and statistics has enabled us to find-through a constant comparison between qualitative and quantitative analyses-the perceptions, similarities, and divergences in the discourse of four groups of participants involved in our study: immigrant youth, immigrant parents, host society youth, and host society parents.
Keywords: citoyen, participation citoyenne, immigrant, société d'accueil, analyse lexicale, citizen, citizen participation, immigrants, host society members, lexical analysis
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527.More information
The reasonable accommodation crisis (2006–2008) thrived on “incidents” to render the visibility of religion in the public space as problematic. However, the controversy surrounding the draft Quebec Charter of Values (2012–2014) was initiated and then orchestrated by the political power in place then, above and beyond the characterized “incidents.” Starting from a lexicometric analysis of news and editorial articles published in the Quebec francophone press during this debate, this article traces the lexical territories and profiles around which the journalistic production that mobilized the concept of secularism revolved. The article highlights, from an analysis of the editorial positions of three major Quebec dailies, how this concept has essentially been reduced, in its media coverage, to the modalities for regulating individual expression of religious beliefs.
Keywords: laïcité, Québec, Charte des valeurs, liberté de conscience et de religion, médias, secularism, Quebec Charter of Values, freedom of thought and religion, media
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528.More information
Cronbach's alpha is the most common internal consistency index in educational sciences. The goal of this article is to assess the performance of six internal consistency estimators by conducting a simulation study. The simulation focuses on Cronbach's alpha, lambda-2, Guttman's lambda-4 and lambda-6, the greatest lower bound (GLB) and the omega. Forty-five scenarios were defined by the sample size, the number of items and the value of factorial saturation coefficients. The results suggest that if the instrument has five items, the preferred estimator would be omega. In other cases, it would be the GLB. Alpha and lambda-2 are systematically the two estimators that most underestimate the value of internal consistency and should be avoided. Lambda-6 would be the best estimator offered by SPSS. Overall, this study offers an empirical rationale for a change of practice in educational research.
Keywords: fidélité, consistance interne, mesure, simulation, alpha de Cronbach, fidelity, internal consistency, measure, simulation, Cronbach's alpha, fidelidad, consistencia interna, medida, simulación, alfa de Cronbach
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529.More information
The aim of this article is to compare empirically measurement models from classical test theory, generalizability theory and item response theory. First the basic concepts of these measurement theories are presented. Then, using an attitude questionnaire of nine items administered to 3 600 subjects, the results of the psychometrical analyses associated with each of the theories are compared. Most of the psychometrical observations associated with a measurement theory are reproduced by the other two approaches. These results suggest that, even if these theories seem conceptually different, they lead to the same conclusions about basic psychometrical observations.
Keywords: Théorie classique des tests, théorie de la généralisabilité, théorie des réponses aux items, modélisation mathématique, fidélité, erreur type de mesure, coefficient alpha de Cronbach, coefficient de généralisabilité, information, modèle logistique à deux paramètres, modèle gradué de Samejima, Classical test theory, generalizability theory, item response theory, mathematical modelling, reliability, standard error of measurement, Cronbach's alpha, generalizability coefficient, information, 2-parameter logistic model, Samejima's graded model, Teoria clássica dos testes, teoria da generalizabilidade, teoria da resposta a itens, modelização matemática, fidelidade, erro padrão de medida, coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, coeficiente de generalizabilidade, informação, modelo logístico com dois parâmetros, modelo graduado de Samejima
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