Documents found
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541.More information
Research has pointed out that school teachers and students sometimes apply several forms of rejection of evolution theory and, also, that they perceive various forms of interaction between scientific knowledge and religious beliefs. To further explore these interactions, we have built a questionnaire enabling us to study the way students position scientific knowledge compared to religious beliefs, and vice versa, based on a theoretical model (Wolfs, 2013 : Wolfs, Salamon, De Coster, El Boudamoussi, & Jackson, 2008) describing six different conceptions: «rejection of science in the name of fideist conceptions», «classic concordism», «reversed concordism», «scientific autonomy», «complementarity» and «rationalist critiques of religious beliefs». In this paper, after presenting the theoretical frame and methodology underlying the construction of the questionnaire, we tested its construct validity and the internal consistence of its dimensions based on data collected from 638 undergraduate French speaking Belgian students in their last year of compulsory school education. The results obtained through confirmatory factor analysis and by Chronbach's alpha analysis are consistent with our theoretical model. Thus we discuss the relevance of this questionnaire, intended to examine an educational issue for which very few investigation tools exist.
Keywords: épistémologie, conceptions de la nature de la science, croyances religieuses, enseignement secondaire, epistemology, views of nature of science, religious beliefs, undergraduate students, epistemologia, conceções sobre a natureza da ciência, crenças religiosas, ensino secundário
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542.More information
This article proposes a neo-Marxist reflection on volunteer work practices (VWP) in order to move away from a pure and idealized conception of volunteering as a gift of self to inscribe it as a set of value-producing work practices inserted in neoliberal capitalism. Using three examples of contemporary volunteering, the article demonstrates the anchoring of the VWP in a war of values in which the latter are co-opted by neoliberal capitalism, by the very fact of their idealization and naturalization as free self-giving. This article is part of a more general reflection on the value of work in today's capitalism; it proposes an analytical and political gesture.
Keywords: bénévolat, pratiques, néomarxisme, valeurs, travail, capitalisme néolibéral
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543.More information
To find out about the instructional strategies used in French classes in Quebec secondary schools that participate in the development of students' writing skills, we carried out a secondary analysis of data collected by the Description internationale des enseignements et des performances en matière d'écrits group (DIEPE, 1995) (1,815 secondary 3 students from Quebec, 300 French teachers). No instructional strategy predicts with a high degree of confidence the writing of better texts (two-level multiple regressions), but using the instructional strategy extra writing may be linked to better performance.
Keywords: stratégies pédagogiques, écriture, enseignement du français, école secondaire québécoise, régressions multiples, instructional strategies, writing, teaching of French, Quebec secondary school, multiple regressions, estrategias pedagógicas, escritura, enseñanza del francés, escuela secundaria quebequense, regresiones múltiples
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544.More information
Although promoting consumer cooperatives was at the heart of Charles Gide's work and writings, his thinking went beyond this organizational form. The article elucidates his aim of wanting to profoundly transform the social order through widespread associative democracy, which is the foundation of the social economy. In favor of any institution that could improve living conditions and the solidarity between individuals, Gide first and foremost sought to create an economy and a society that were not dominated by the profit motive. The author, who was instrumental in publishing Gide's works, puts this economist's thinking and pragmatism into perspective by drawing on a number of his writings. In particular, the article shows that Gide had no illusions about the utopia of a cooperative republic and the difficulties encountered by consumer cooperatives. Beyond the myth, Gide hoped to transform the consumer into someone who played an active role. Many of Gide's concerns—consumer associations, ethical trade, saving the planet—are widely shared today, as are his thoughts on competition and free trade in Europe.
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545.More information
L. Bidermann-pasques, J. Humbley : The Reception of English words in the French Press : Propositions for the Harmonisation of English loan-words The use of foreign words in a French text raises problems, some of which involve spelling. Not all foreign words that appear in newspapers will necessarily become part of the language : far from it. However, they do pose problems for spelling that must be dealt with. From a corpus of neologisms, we examine the reception of various English words as used in a Parisian daily paper, and the problems they pose for French-speaking journalists and correctors. Then, taking as a model English loan words already present in French dictionaries, and examining the main tendencies and principles of the French orthographic system, we propose a number of solutions that could be adopted for the spelling of these words.
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546.More information
What is the Position of Demographic Transition in French Polynesia in 1992? With regard to the natural shifts of population, the recent demographic evolution of French Polynesia gives a good example of the situation in the other countries of the South Pacific Islands. The main trends of this evolution are: a slow adjustment on occidental fertility, the preservation of traditional behaviours for nuptiality, the continuation of mortality decrease. So the demographic increase still constitutes a social, economical and political challenge, and this will be for a long time.
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547.More information
The present article examines the new Web-based forms of solidarity, particularly in the context of a disruption of traditional forms of social support in the workplace. It aims to show that two contradictory social processes can be detected. On the one hand, the emergence of a networked "cognitive capitalism", such as when companies use the power of networks and a libertarian ethics to boost innovation and productivity. On the other hand, the formation of areas of support, comfort and redemption, allowing dissatisfied workers to increase their self-esteem, or to serve their community by edifying huge cathedrals of knowledge in a spirit of altruism and mutual help. The relationship between the bottom-up innovation, exploration and creativity, and the aspiration for bonging solidarity is a key to understand these new relational forms and their social implications.
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550.More information
This paper develops a use of Logo as a research device, for observing how novices build conceptual schemes, especially in geometry. Children aged 5 to 12 were observed during their first hours of exposure to turtle graphics (drawings being definied as paths that a robot has to follow). They worked in small groups (2 to 5 children) on projects; that is, anything they had freely chosen to do with the computer. Results showing how elementary mathematics properties get mastered through manipulating the turtle are presented, and suggestions are given for further investigation.