Documents found
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552.More information
Regulating the internet: does self-regulation call for the design of an institutional framework?Is Internet an ideal model for a self-regulated economy? It seems possible to decentrely organize and render enforceable a property right system on which inter-individual negotiations could be based. Moreover, traditional State intervention is no longer operable since Internet users can bypass the usual regulatory frameworks. A the same time, the long-term sustainability of the competitive process is not guaranteed in the digital economy, and cyber-activities generate externalities that affect the non-users of the Internet. These call for the organization of an institutional framework that would avoid the capture of self-regulations by interest groups seeking to exercises monopoly power. Delegating the management of some essential resources - especially, the addressing system - to an entity responsible for the regulation in the last resort would enable the construction of such a framework.
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554.More information
The paper analyzes the mechanisms by which policies aiming at downsizing the labour force (like early retirement policies) may in fact lead to lower employment levels, even though the equilibrium unemployment rate is decreased. Numerical examples suggest that job losses may be potentially important, even in the case where early retirements are concentrated among groups with high unemployment levels (low-skilled workers). The model takes into account the effects coming from imperfect competition and wage negotiations, as well as those coming from frictions and matching difficulties in an economy with continuous job creations and destructions. Reducing the labour force by promoting early retirement induces in the long run an increase in labour costs, either directly through the effect of unemployment on wages, or indirectly via the effect of unemployment on hiring difficulties.
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ABSTRACT In 1986, skiing 300 km between Spitsbergen and the North Pole, the expedition "Des femmes pour un pôle" left 10 Argos beacons through the transpolar drift stream. This paper explains the Argos system tracking ; it exposes how the informations were collected on the field and the following data analysis which permits to present the first results of this expedition.
Keywords: Arctic Ocean, Des femmes pour un pôle expedition, Argos beacon and satellite, Transpolar drift stream, Ice drift, Pack ice, Banquise, Océan glacial Arctique, Dérive des glaces, Dérive transpolaire, Argos balise et satellite, Expédition Des femmes pour un pôle
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556.More information
This article brings a notion of technological appropriation to bear upon work with/through sound. It aims to promote an engagement with the sound field of anthropology through describing sound appropriation by digital bricolage. Inspired in part by personal exploration of the Raspberry Pi computer's musical affordances, this text locates the methods and approaches through which sound itself is appropriated in Maker Culture. We are concerned here with the appropriations of sound and technology in a process emerging from individualized practice found in the social universe of open collaboration. By producing its own sound, digital making transforms the acoustic environment and gives it meaning.
Keywords: Enkerli, appropriation sonore, appropriation technologique, technopédagogie, bricolage numérique, conception sonore, culture matérielle, sphère Maker, Enkerli, Sound Appropriation, Technological Appropriation, Technopedagogy, Digital Making, Sound Design, Material Culture, Maker Culture, Bricolage, Enkerli, apropiación sonora, apropiación tecnológica, tecno-pedagogía, bricolaje numérico, concepción sonora, cultura material, esfera Maker
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Wetland types, such as ponds, are essential aquatic biotopes in the Martinique landscape. They are characterized by the permanent or temporary presence, at very shallow depths, of fresh water by the preponderance of a hygrophile phytocenosis and by the existence of a hydromorphic soil. The aim of this article is to identify these slow ecosystems from a hydrogeomorphological and floristic point of view. We have inventoried twenty-three ponds. Then we established an initial classification that resulted in the distinction of forest ponds from savannah ponds. Then we identified seven hydrophytic species and one helophyte.
Keywords: écosystème lentique, caractéristiques physiques, mare, Martinique, végétation aquatique, lentic ecosystem, physical characteristics, ponds, Martinique, aquatic vegetation