Documents found
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583.More information
This research investigates the development of knowledge used by a "mediator" in the conception of computer simulation games. The aim is to formulate rules of mediation from which to develop working hypotheses. Within the framework of the Palo Alto School's theory of interpersonal communication and of an inductive approach, the author proposes three series of rules related to the behavior, of users, to the types of information transmitted and to the aspects dealt with in the communication.
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584.More information
Summary: Text structures and prior knowledgeThe purpose of this experiment was to show a differential effect of two types of textual structures (causal and teleological) on text comprehension with subjects of different levels of expertise (novices, intermediates and experts) in a domain describing three functions of the text-editor «Microsoft Word». We assumed an interaction between text structure and prior knowledge. Experts performed better than the two other levels of expertise, with the exception of cued recall, and this effect depended on the semantic text structure. Additionally, the results showed the existence of an intermediate effect in the recall of the causal text and emphazised the necessity to study the representation elaborated in relation with learners' prior knowledge.Key word: learning, prior knowledge, intermediate effect, text structures.
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585.More information
To take a pill, to take a stand: arguing about medication on electronic patient discussion lists What role does medication play in patients' perception of their disease and their relations with doctors? This article draws on original material: patients' contributions to discussion groups on the Internet. It highlights first the wide variety of considerations taken into account by patients in their discussions on medication and, second, the existence of relations with medication peculiar to the disease in question. In the three cases studied (cancer, Parkinson's disease, and fibromyalgia), we see how, through medication, the disease, patient and medication are redefined in relation to varied elements such as the organization of health care, the sharing of competencies between doctors, the state of knowledge on the disease and its treatment and, lastly, the very nature of treatments.
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586.More information
AbstractThe communication of scientific knowledge is an essential and integral element of science, taking part in its political and social justifications. Centered on the field of archaeology, the reflexion is focused here on hypermedia valorisation perceived like a process of transmission, by the digital technologies, of the scientific knowledge aimed at a non-specialized public. Four experiments of design and realization of archaeological hypermedias are used to explore various prospects: endogenous complexity of hypermedias, professionalization of hypermedia mediation, transversality of digital devices, exogenic complexity. We propose that this conjunction of prospects helps better understand of how are defined new conditions of research and action for scientific valorisation. We also want to show concretely how the digital technics take part in the progression of science and in the democratization of knowledge by using digitals tools for mediation.
Keywords: Média, Internet, archéologie, valorisation scientifique, tourisme, patrimoine, Media, internet, archeology, scientific valorisation, tourism, heritage
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587.More information
This research project examines students' representations regarding grade retention influences on their school success. Many authors have described the negative impact grade retention has on students, but few have examined students' own experiences. In order to further explore this issue, we based our study on the French sociological concept of rapport au Savoir (relation to knowledge). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 elementary and secondary school students who have repeated at least one school year. Results indicate that girls who have repeated one year during elementary school have become more engaged in their relationship to knowledge and schooling whereas boys who have repeated one year or more in secondary school have become disengaged from learning and schooling thus impeding their personal and professional goals.
Keywords: redoublement scolaire, réussite scolaire, rapport au Savoir, élèves, niveaux primaire et secondaire, grade retention, student success, relationship to knowledge, students, K-12, repitencia escolar, éxito escolar, relación con el saber, alumnos, primaria y secundaria
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588.More information
To provide information and record natural disaster, communication medium technical strength offers new opportunities. In spite of this high number production to facilitate disaster reduction, paradox is that danger exposure constantly raises in ours societies. Illustrated trough cases studies, relation between damage assessment and beneficiary's list conditions count socio-political uses. Recorded on databases for decision-making, this number seems reaching impartiality. Nevertheless, methodology heterogeneity between two databases, EM-DAT (The International Disaster Database) and DesInventar, shows different conceptual positions. If number is an indicator, the management is liberal. If number is an evidence, management is prescriptive.
Keywords: risque, catastrophe naturelle, base de données, chiffre, risk, natural disaster, database, number
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589.More information
Summary : Real-time analysis of the writer's graphomotoric and ocular activities : Interests of the « Eye and pen » deviceAmong the different ways of conducting real time analysis of written productions, recording the variation of graphomotoric activity is particularly interesting because it is objective, non-intrusive and offers a continuous measure of the temporal aspects of writing. Stemming from research on oral production, this method can nevertheless be insufficient to assess some specific processes of writing. Based on the synchronized measurement of the graphomotor and ocular activities of the writer, the « Eye and pen » device offers a new framework to study the temporal characteristics of written composition. It becomes possible to improve investigations on processes engaged during the course of a pause as well as during a period of transcription. At an experimental level, this device will allow advances in the study of the visual component engaged during writing and of the functioning and dynamics of writing processes. At a methodological level, it allows already the study of handwriting in a multimedia computer environment (such as the upcoming screen-pad).Key words : text-production, writing dynamics, parallel-processing, methods, pauses, ocular-movements, eye-hand coordination.
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