Documents found
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61.More information
Abstract. — The development of a new neighbourhood raises numerous questions with respect to finance and programming. This paper deals with several aspects of this topic (the financing of new urban amenities, programming with a view to expense minimisation) and emphasises the use of personal computers to help cope with these issues.
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63.More information
Horizontal plans and vertical plots of materials based on the use of cartesian coordinates are a fairly common method of spatial and stratigraphie analysis in prehistoric archaeology. As in other fields the method has taken advantage of the use of personal computers and business software (databases, spreadsheets, statistic programs). However, some of these programs are not always easily adapted to the needs of archaeologists. This is true of some statistical programs used for producing plans and vertical projections; moreover many of these programs lack interactive features for quick identification of the objects once plotted on the screen. Data Desk™ is a commercially available and not expensive statistical program for exploratory data analysis that allows you to quickly produce and examine plans and projections in a flexible, graphical environment. This paper is based on the use of version 5.0 running on a Mac OS™. A new version for Windows 95™ and Windows NT™ will be available in June 1997.
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64.More information
AbstractA collective activity based on voluntary, benevolent commitment, the production of free software does not result from the spontaneous adjustment of dispersed participation. It offers fertile terrain for the analysis of non-local relationships mediated by the internet. Indeed, this activity is subject to a double constraint: that of attracting numerous participants without any previous selection as well as that of channeling contributions to put together a consistent and coherent product. Based on the detailed ethnography of a group involved in the development of free software, this article analyses how individual differences are organized, that is, mobilised and controlled. It identifies processes of socialisation that deploy a maximum tolerance towards individual subjective commitment and a differential recognition of contribution to the common work and of the authors. This is a specific kind of socialisation in that it regulates less the personal identity of participants than the collective identity of hte project, including both the product and the production group.
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65.More information
Ce mémoire introduit les systèmes de gestion de règles et de flux de travail. En faisant la synthèse de critères d'évaluation établis dans la littérature pour ces deux types de produits et en dégageant des critères spécifiques aux besoins des organismes de finance sociale et solidaire, le mémoire établit une grille d'évaluation pour les systèmes de gestion de règles et une seconde pour les systèmes de gestion de flux de travail. Les logiciels JBoss Drools, CLIPS et OpenRules sont évalués selon la première grille. Les logiciels JBoss jBPM, Bonita Open Solution et Enhydra Shark sont évalués selon la seconde. À la lumière des résultats obtenus, JBoss Drools et Bonita Open Solution sont recommandés comme étant les solutions libres les plus adaptées pour gérer respectivement les …
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66.More information
The use of the verb “aller” (‘to go') in regional french often differs from standard French, including different contexts of use and particular forms of the verb. Our project has two goals: first, to find the different morphosyntaxic contexts of the verb “aller” in Acadian French spoken in New Brunswick, using INTEX programs; second to integrate the results into software dictionaries following the methodological framework developed by Maurice Gross of the LADL. This work represents the first stage in a larger project to develop an electronic dictionary of Acadian French with INTEX. In this paper we will present the different graphic forms of the verb that were found in the oral and written corpora and also the graphs built for the description of the morphosyntax of the word. Finally we will present the dictionary of frozen expressions with the verb “aller” found in our corpora.
Keywords: INTEX, lexique-grammaire, français acadien, verbe aller, INTEX, Lexicon-Grammar, french acadian, verb aller
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67.More information
The aim of this contribution is to exhibit some of the mechanisms underlying the internal coordination of knowledge intensive communities. By basing our discussion on the example of open source software development, it will be shown that two complementary mechanisms are at work : social norms and personal leadership. Social norms, by allowing expectations put on community members' behavior, provide a first coordination mechanism. Leadership constitutes a coordination device complementary to social norms. Its effectiveness relies on a close intertwining between reputation and trust.
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68.More information
The use of the computer, formerly reserved for the mechanical manipulation prior to subject analysis and thesaurus construction, is now shifting toward the analysis itself. Current software is now capable of assisting subject analysis. The authors demonstrate how SATO (Système d'analyse de textes par ordinateur), used by researchers in several fields, can help in the tasks of vocabulary control and structure as well as indexation. Its principle characteristics are outlined: the possibility of adding the characteristics of words and parts of the text, the creation of glossaries, various glossary-based statistical analyses, the definition of sub-sets of texts and glossaries. They then examine the aid used in thesaurus construction: the extraction of simple and complex glossary units, weighed to assist in the choice, assorted groupings, contextually equivalent forms retrieved, synonyms, generic and specific terms, associated terms. Computer-assisted indexation is also outlined along with "tailor-made" subject analysis, and search strategies. The conclusion calls for the necessity to resolve the theoretical questions of subject analysis currently facing information specialists.
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70.More information
AbstractThis paper examines the tense system of the Arabic verb system. This will enable the development of a unified classification of Arabic verbs that computer specialists can use as a basis for defining, designing and implementing an Arabic-French computer-assisted translation software program.