Documents found
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801.More information
With the rise of the Web in the mid-1990s, the role and use of traditional documents, such as the paper versions of books and periodicals, has been the subject of some discussion on the part of university librarians. In addition to discussions held at meetings and conferences, librarians and other stakeholders are also involved in the scanning of collections.This article focuses on the challenges associated with the transition from analogue to numeric versions and from the traditional to the virtual library in the universities of Québec since the end of the 1990s. The proceedings of conferences and seminars that focused on the dissemination and conservation of scanned documents helped identify some of the challenges associated with this type of collection in university libraries. With the help of a document prepared by the Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (BAnQ), the author summarizes the major scanning projects currently in progress.
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803.More information
A few years ago, dealing with advertisement corpus was not an easy task, but the generalization of the Internet as a tool of social and commercial communication has revolutionized this field of study by making available rich and varied sources of information. Ads and commercials are now available online and in several languages on the same website. They form a virtual corpus, which is multilingual and intersemiotic, offering simultaneous and parallel texts. This accessibility makes possible new approaches and methods of analysis for the translator. First, simply in forming the study corpus, the Internet now offers the opportunity to gather in record time unrivaled multimedia and multilingual corpus. Then, at the processing level, the comparison of corpus components offers new methods enabling the translator to be seen as a true communicator. Finally, in terms of conceptualization, an interdisciplinary approach to the corpus opens up new perspectives in translation studies. We discuss these different levels of analysis, starting from case studies conducted a decade earlier on the multilingual advertisement corpus. Our goal is to explain the evolution that has occurred in recent years in the field of advertising translation and the importance of a diachronic approach of corpora to translation studies.
Keywords: corpus, publicité, multilinguisme, sémiotique, cognition, corpora, advertisement, multilingualism, semiotics, cognition
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804.More information
S. Branca-Rosoff, A. Collinot, J. Guilhaumou, F. MazièreThe research of this article centers on a commitment to a discourse analysis focusing on history. Herein lies an attempt at interpreting the meaning of utterance in the forms of language and in the effects of archivization. It is first question of a historian-observer describing linguistic events in a precise historical environment. Then the linguist devises an observatory of various discourses which make it possible to confront the materiality of forms and the values of social practices. Finally, a study of utterances based on linguistic and discursive properties (reflexivity, interdiscursivity) goes towards constructing an observatory of interpretative processes.
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805.More information
Pesticides and nitrates represent the main sources of aquifer contamination in agricultural zones. In many regions, nitrate concentration levels reach and exceed the water quality criteria (50 mg NO3/L). The increasing use of mineral fertilizers (which has doubled during the 20 last years) and the intensive exploitation of the aquifers for crop irrigation (1,1 million ha in France) have led to groundwater contamination by nitrates. The dynamics (long-term persistence) and extensiveness (regional contamination) of this contamination make it a sensitive environmental issue. Comprehensive environmental management is needed in order to limit the increase of the concentration levels and to reduce the extent of the contaminated areas. During the last few years, research has been done in the field of watershed management, from laboratory experiments to field investigations. At the same time, numerous simulation models have been developed at different investigation scales. Banton et al. (1993) developed a model specifically devoted to environmental management. Their model, AgriFlux, is based on a mechanistic approach to the processes, using a stochastic method that takes into account the spatial variability of the parameters. AgriFlux calculates the nitrate concentrations as well as the water fluxes in the unsaturated zone. The concentrations in the unsaturated zone (obtained by modeling or measurement) are generally dissimilar to those observed in the saturated zone (i.e. in the aquifer) because the infiltration water is diluted in the aquifer water. This difference indicates that the concentrations in the unsaturated zone cannot be used to accurately evaluate the actual risk of groundwater contamination. Hydrogeological conditions such as the recharge limits, the flow direction and the flow rate should be incorporated into the evaluation. In this paper, the modeling results obtained previously (Dupuy et al., 1997) with AgriFlux for the La Jannerie watershed are used to determine the concentrations in the aquifer and to compare them with the concentrations measured in the observation wells. This watershed (160 ha) is used exclusively for agriculture. The fractured carbonate strata (Superior Oxfordian) constitute a phreatic aquifer with a vertical extension of about 20 m. First, the temporal evolution of the annual mean concentrations in the aquifer is compared with the evolution of the annual precipitation. The results show that the mean concentrations tend to follow precipitation levels. However, the differences observed at different locations in the watershed cannot be explained by these results. The spatial evolution of the concentrations from the upstream to the downstream part of the aquifer was studied in order to explain the concentration distribution in the watershed. On the main flow line, the concentrations observed from 1985 to 1989 show a decrease from the P7 well (upstream) to the P26 well (downstream). This phenomenon can be attributed to two factors. First, denitrification may occur in the aquifer during flow. However, it is recognized in literature that the denitrification rate is usually low and a long period of time is required to obtain a significant decrease in the nitrate level. The observed attenuation cannot be imputed to this factor alone. The second possible cause is related to the dilution of the nitrates in the water contained in the aquifer.In order to test this hypothesis, a dilution model was elaborated using the watershed division as indicated in Dupuy et al. (1997). In each area, the resulting concentration is obtained by diluting the fluxes of water and nitrate leaching in the unsaturated zone in the fluxes of water and nitrates flowing from the upstream area. The concentrations in the aquifer are calculated from upstream areas to downstream areas for the period between 1985 and 1989. The pattern of the concentration curves obtained in this manner agrees with the trend measured in the different wells. The results clearly show a decrease of the concentration in the aquifer water leached from the unsaturated zone. For the downstream area (well P26), the calculated concentrations are higher than the observed ones. This difference could be due to the fact that the lateral fluxes (flow convergence into the median part) are not taken into account and the concentrations may thus be overestimated. However, the mean resulting error (12%) remains low considering the lack of knowledge of the aquifer characteristics. It is therefore possible to accurately estimate the nitrate concentrations in the saturated zone from the concentrations simulated in the unsaturated zone using a simple dilution model. However, this method is only valid for simple hydrogeological conditions.
Keywords: Pollution diffuse, bassin versant, zone non saturée, zone saturée, modèle de dilution, Non point source pollution, watershed, unsaturated zone, saturated zone, dilution model
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807.More information
This article explores the value which young people place on the environment and is part of a broader research study on the values of this segment of the population. From 91 qualitative interviews conducted by the latter study with young Quebeckers on their values and their aspirations to travel, this research performed a secondary analysis of all statements relating to the environment. The analysis reveals various attitudes toward the environment, which are presented on a scale ranging from indifference to commitment. The findings highlight that young people's relationship to environmental protection is rather ambiguous and that it, far from enjoying consensus, manifests more as a latent value that is hardly reflected in the behaviour.
Keywords: valeurs, jeunes, rapport à l'environnement, entretiens, analyse qualitative, values, young people, relationship to the environment, interviews, qualitative analysis
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808.More information
The gender equality programs implemented in Switzerland's hautes écoles spécialisées (universities of applied sciences) now aim to promote “equitable representation of the two sexes” in the student population. The findings of our study on people who choose “atypical” career paths (women in engineering, men in health care) highlight the gender-based differences in these paths. Teachers' attitudes, identification with role models and the way students see themselves are recreating gender groups. In this light, the transformation of equality programs seems characterized by a certain degree of naivety, suggesting that applying symmetrical measures is sufficient to achieve gender equality.
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809.More information
In Störungen (2011), the French composer David Hudry explores a new kind of instrumental mixing by bringing together two musicians on Baroque instruments and six on modern ones. Composed for the eighth edition of the Ensemble Academy Freiburg co-organized by the ensemble recherche and the Freiburger Barockorchester, this work explores the idea of dysfunctionality and duality through a confrontation between two types of ensemble: the Baroque one tuned to 415 Hz and the modern one tuned to 440 Hz. This article, which stems from a long interview with the composer conducted in 2018, traces the genesis of this work and underlines the compositional outcomes and challenges specific to this type of instrumental ensemble.
Keywords: David Hudry, Störungen, diapason, dédoublement, mixité instrumentale, David Hudry, Störungen, tuning, duality, instrumental mixing
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810.More information
The library of the Jardin botanique de Montréal (Montréal Botanical Garden) owns valuable collections of works of botany, horticulture, landscape architecture and plant ecology. The library was reorganised to reflect a dynamic image more in keeping with the services to its internal users. The library is open to the public who wish to consult the collections. The books and brochures are classified according to a specific decimal system. A directory of subject headings is used to index the books and periodical articles. The automation of the catalogue is underway. The library has two branches: the media centre and the reading room of the Japanese wing.