Documents found
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831.More information
New technologies, including optical memories used in telecommunications, will enable international agencies to exchange strategic or specialised data. International cooperation will be expressed in one of three ways, depending on the degree of telecommunications sophistication in different countries. Optical memories will be used in countries with limited infrastructures, telecommunications used in countries with more advanced technologies and a combination of both will be found in large international organisations.The author describes the SARDE (Système Électronique d'Archivage et de Recherche de Documentation) project developped by the Centre National d'Études des Télécommunications (CNET). The Library of the United Nations in Geneva is contributing its indexing expertise and the Dag Hammarsjöld Library in New York contributes its knowledge of UNBIS, a bibliographic data base. The United Nations will create a collection of CD-ROMs that will enable a simplified conversion of existing data bases with a user-friendly interface. Local and long distance numerisation and telecommunications are used.
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832.More information
Evaluating the professional context of a university program remains a phenomenon seldom covered by the literature on education. Nevertheless, it remains that, in Quebec, the social relevance of university programs is part of the evaluation criteria (CREPUQ, 2004). What about academic continuing education units that offer vocational training to non-traditional students? What is the role of the program evaluation advisor within these units? The scientific approach that served as a foundation for developing a template to assess program environments is justified (Rossi, Lipsey, & Freeman, 2003; Nadeau, 1988; Jorro, 2009; Scriven, 199; Newcomer, Hatry, & Wholey, 2015). This tool aims at supporting decision-making (Dubois & Marceau, 2005) and at assuring the continuous improvement of programs through formative evaluations (Scriven, 1996; Rossi et al., 2003; Newcomer et al., 2015). We will also mention the evaluation criteria used to measure the gap between the training provided and the expectations of the environments (knowledge, know-how, interpersonal skills, ability to adapt and professional standards).
Keywords: évaluation de programmes professionnalisants, conception d'un gabarit, vérification de la qualité, professionalized programs evaluation, template designing, quality verification, avaliação de programas profissionalizantes, desenho de um modelo, verificação da qualidade
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836.More information
Tattoos, it would seem, are as old as humankind. Although they were mainly used and displayed by members of deviant subcultures throughout most of the nineteenth century, the 1980's and 1990's have given way to a rise in body modifications in general, and tattoos in particular. The question arises as to how we can begin to explain this craze for tattoos in the Western world. In this paper, we suggest that this newly constructed infatuation is the product of an episteme which is built on four century-defining, distinct, all the while interrelated, phenomena: the Space Odyssey, the rise of Superheroes and Comic Books, the sexual revolution and the emergence of the internet in general and of social networks in particular. We also argue that the act of getting tattooed is necessarily both individual and collective: by differentiating oneself through the use of tattoos, one joins a collective or community. This reminds us that human societies are paradoxical in nature, their components constantly evolving between homogeneity and differentiation. Through the study of a Franco-Canadian sample divided into three separate groups – not tattooed, somewhat tattooed, very tattooed – we show that tattoos evoke arts, esthetics and health as well as the transgression of social norms and the extension of physical and psychological limits in all groups within both countries, although the French sample is more defined by art and the Canadian sample, by symbols. The marking of the body with ink thus appears as a collectively inscribed individual process in which the collective is either outside of, secondary to, or implicitly part of oneself, depending on the category with which we identify.
Keywords: Tatouage, modifications corporelles, épistémè, espace, super héros, révolution sexuelle, internet, individuel, collectif, homogénéité, différenciation, Tattoos, Body Modifications, Episteme, Space, Super Heroes, Sexual Revolution, Internet, Individual, Collective, Homogeneity, Differentiation
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838.More information
The rapid development of systems, their increasing complexity, the propagation of new information technologies to all levels of society and their varied applications to daily life present an important challenge to the specialists who develop computer systems. They can no longer rely on the generic models (Dillon and Watson, 1996; Chen, 2000) and presume that standard training can answer the shortcomings of all user profiles (Ford, 2000; Ford and Chen 2000). This partially explains the spate of studies focusing on individual differences. In this article, we explore the impact of the evolution of hypertext on the concept of virtual space and the study of spatial orientation and "navigational" behaviours.Using a review of the literature published since 1997 as a starting point, we present an analysis in three parts. The first part describes the relationship between individuals and new electronic environments and introduces the principal concepts. The second part identifies the methodological characteristics of past experiments and examines the factors likely to influence behaviours and the use of hypermedia. The third part of the analysis summarises the theory supporting the research and underscores the complexity of the issues.
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839.More information
Marine conservation is now an international issue. Protected marineareas are now a tool strongly discussed. In this study, the process ofdialogue which took place during the creation of a recent park, thePertuis and Gironde natural park in southwest France is analysed, inApril 2015. Our research analyzes the different steps in the talkrelating to the implementation of the marine park, and observes theappropriation of issues (especially environmental issues) byparticipants. This paper demonstrates that the dialogue process allowsthe co-construction of knowledge socio-économic andenvironnemental, especially for fish resources. The research identifieshow the different sources of friction throughout the processcontributed to the decision.
Keywords: aire marine protégée, gouvernance, concertation, co-construction de connaissances, conflits, justification, protected marine areas, governance, dialogue process, construction of knowledges, conflict, justification
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840.More information
In France, since the adoption of the 1992 water act, “water development and management schemes” (“Schémas d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux” or SAGE for their French acronym) elaborated by Local Water Committees (“Commissions locales de l'eau” or CLE for their French acronym) have gradually organized local governance of water and aquatic environments, with great geographical disparities. The 2006 water act modified the scope of SAGE. The act, indeed, made compulsory defining a set of legally binding rules. These rules complement the main document of the SAGE that specifies strategic priorities for a given hydraulic territory, objectives to be reached and the means to achieve them. CLE must define, in a local and concerted manner, coercive rules necessary to reach these major objectives. Almost fifteen years after their introduction, our study, based on a database of rules and statistical analyzes, investigates how CLE, a rather consensual mode of governance, have tackled their new regulatory power and adapted rules to local needs and conditions.
Keywords: gestion de l'eau, action publique locale, gouvernance, Schéma d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux, SAGE, règlement, France, water management, public action, governance, local planning, SAGE, regulation, France