Documents found
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3661.More information
AbstractThe author criticizes first the ever-present perspective stemming from American Sociologist of Science and in particular from R. K. Merton and his students that the sciences are a vast autonomous social sub-system : A certain amount of empirical evidence (identity between the values and norms of science and political values, the "particularistic" basis of rewards, the politico-scientific role of scientists in developed countries, the politicization and unionization of scientists, etc) shows that the presumption of autonomy is indeed inappropriate and can no longer be justified in light of what we know today. Thus it is not possible for a sociologist of science, especially if he is studying science in the United States or in other Western countries, to ignore that influence of extrinsic social factors : his principal task is to explore the comparative and changing social functions of science and scientists.
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3662.More information
Along with Christina of Sweden and the Duchess of Aveiro, the Countess of Villaumbrosa María Petronila Niño de Porres Enríquez de Guzmán is one of three contemporary thinkers from Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz’s catalogue of learned women in the Respuesta a Sor Filotea. Despite the other two’s political and intellectual prominence, prior research overlooks the Countess. In response, my study presents the first intellectual biography of María Petronila. It deepens understanding of Sor Juana’s transatlantic networks and also draws attention to a scholar that lends insight into women’s participation in lettered circles throughout the early modern world.
Keywords: Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Countess of Villaumbrosa, Condesa de Villaumbrosa, women’s writing, escritura femenina, epistolarity, epistolaridad, transatlantic networks, redes transatlánticas
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3663.More information
The problems raised by territorial fragmentation are perhaps nowhere more acute in instances where a portion of one state, completely surrounded by another, is found to exist. For the exclave or enclave — depending upon one's point of view — disturbs the internal functioning of the surrounding country by, as it were, puncturing a hole in its territory and creates difficulties as well for the administering state.Although the existence of exclaves and enclaves is little known, they are not uncommon phenomena. In fact, there are almost twice the number of exclaves (enclaves) in the world as states.For the most part, these extraordinary territories are rather small, and they do not have large populations. They consist to a great extent of single villages and adjacent lands, farm areas and tiny garden plots. All are situated relatively near to the « mother-land ».It is recognized that the very diminutiveness of these disconnected areas and their lack of strategic significance limits their military and political value. Nevertheless, they do point up the problems of territorial fragmentation and the importance of territorial continuity. Moreover, the way in which states treat them has important implications for those scholars who debate whether or not the « territoriality » of the nation-state is bound to vanish.
Keywords: Géographie politique, frontières, exclaves, enclaves, territorialité, Political Geography, Boundaries, Exclaves, Enclaves, Territoriality
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3665.More information
Following a description of the codification process of civil law in Catalonia, the author turns her attention towards the legal transposition of certain institutions found under the Civil Code of Québec into the new Catalan Civil Code. Integration under the Catalan Civil Code remains somewhat incomplete considering the specific institutions or philosophical grounds that inspire them and, doubtless to say, remains limited in most cases since such importing adapts itself to the Catalan legislator's vision. The author focuses specifically on the adoption of the preliminary provision as well as a perspective for implementing the trust and the administration of the property of others. In the field of the law of persons, she emphasizes that other borrowings would be advantageous.