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AbstractTravel accounts give rise to an exploration of terrestrial and maritime space that quickly extends beyond a purely geographical and mathematical dimension. They make it possible to produce a viatical discourse on space (whereby space is taken into account, is represented, apprehended, and circumscribed with the objective of sketching out an axiology and a taxonomy) while, at the same time, stimulating an imagination of space (whereby a poetics having a genuine impact on other literary genres is deployed) and developing a new symbolism (whereby an unknown space is interpreted through a constructed meaning that is inseparable from a known place of origin). Thus, space in travel literature reflects the intersecting of imaginary worlds, experiences, and writings, and thus represents a valuable vantage point for grasping a certain “ modernity ” of the 17th century. In the intersecting process, space can be seen to be ceaselessly creating and metamorphosing in reaction to new experiences. The discourse on space in the travael accounts is taxonomic, axiological, imaginary, mental, and symbolic all at the same time.
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Born into the francophone bourgeoisie of Quebec City, Jean Langevin was part of the intellectual movement of the 19th century. As an active member of the Institut Canadien and a polygraphic author, he prioritized education, culture and belles-lettres. Behind the authoritarian, uncompromising figure emerges that of a passionate intellectual and bibliophile. The partial reconstruction of Jean Langevin's library, preserved in part in the collections of Rimouski's Petit and Grand Séminaires, provides a clearer picture of Langevin's relationship with print culture. This article examines the characteristics and trajectory of Langevin's library, to understand how it is representative or distinct from that of other clergymen of the second nineteenth century.
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By the end of the 17th century, most travelers heading to North America insisted on the high value of native trees, as Louis XIV decided to invest in New France. At a time of major imperial competition between the French, the British and the Dutch imperial powers over the control of the seas and transatlantic trade, Colbert created two important joint-stock companies, the West and the East India Companies, while developing the Royal Navy. However, such commercial ventures and military ambitions came at a cost: building a single long distance ship's hull required 2,500 century-old oak trees on average. Hence, lumber and timber supply quickly became a critical State matter: wood prospection for pine, beech or oak trees in Acadia, Canada and Louisiana could arguably supply French colonial authorities. In this paper, I show how, relying on travel literature to New France, state and botanical reports from 1663 to 1763, the mobility of trees and wood shipping demands structured new commercial and scientific exchanges, shaped colonial settlements and ports, as well as impacted transatlantic trade at the turn of the 18th century.
Keywords: arbres, bois, relation de voyage, Nouvelle-France, commerce transatlantique, trees, wood, travel literature, New France, transatlantic trade
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This analysis focuses on the period around 1968, a pivotal year that witnessed, among other things, the creation of Michel Tremblay's Belles-Soeurs and the emergence of the “new” Quebec theatre. The author highlights the reverse side of this tidal wave in the national repertoire by examining one of Quebec theatre's main designated opponents of innovation: the Théâtre du Nouveau Monde, at that time under the recent direction of Jean-Louis Roux (1966-1982). Three case studies (Pygmalion, Tartuffe and Le soir des rois) serve to deepen understanding of Roux's stage project. The project was based on re-readings of the European repertoire that entered into a dialogue with the social debates of the day while participating, paradoxically, in an aborted history of Quebec theatre, whose memory Roux sought to put right.