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The history of New France was struck, in 1701, with a positive fracture affecting the colonial dynamic of conflicts with New England and with some Indigenous nations from the Great Lakes region. Known as the Great Peace of Montréal, this event contrasts with episodes of warfare that were usual the northeast in the seventeenth century. By exploring the circumstances that enabled this initiative to take place, we examine the relationships that underscore war and peace. While warfare may leave tangible evidence on archaeological sites, the materiality of peace is more ambiguous. Is it possible that the archaeological site of the dwelling of New France's Governor, Louis Hector de Callière, bears material evidence of diplomatic encounters that took place in 1701? We also explore the possible influence of François de Callières, Louis XIV's secretary and Louis-Hector's brother on the negotiation strategies employed during the gatherings in Montréal.
Keywords: Grande Paix, Montréal, 1701, Callière, guerre, négociations, nations autochtones, colonialisme, Great Peace, 1701, Montréal, Callière, war, negociations, Indigenous nations, colonialism