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The article analyzes how three major devices inherent to painting, and discussed by Louis Marin (De la représentation): background, foreground, and frame, are relevant when applied to performance text. Transposed to theater, these painterly devices correspond to the stage, the “fourth wall” and, rather than to the footlights, I associate the painting frame to the spacio-temporal nature of any given play. While questioning the postulated difference between “theater within theater” and “role playing”, and distinguishing these two theatrical phenomena from “theatrical disguise”, I demonstrate that the mentioned-above devices make all performance texts both, and at the same time, representing and showing themselves representing.
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774.More information
In this article, the author explores the way in which art historians, mostly French, have made a theoretical use of insects to analyze practices of painting and the modalities of the glance. Attention to painted flies in Renaissance painting or the modalities of vision specific to some insects such as stick insects has encouraged reflections on visuality and modes of representation. In the form of a tribute to art historian Daniel Arasse, the author reviews his interpretations, after Giorgio Vasari and Andre Chastel, of pictorial details such as the fly. In works of the Renaissance, as both Christ's symbol and macabre detail, the fly carries several meanings and Daniel Arasse brings to light the polysemy of these pictorial signs. In her analysis of fifteenth-century scenes of exorcism, the present author stresses the proximity of these small creatures, rendered in an illusory manner, with various embodiments of the devil expectorated by the possessed. This devil in motion is not a stable motif; like a pictorial collage, it condenses an amalgam of details of insects with sexual and phantasmagoric connotations. In her study of representations of insects, the author concentrates her attention on the fascinating power of these images.
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AbstractDuring the early modern period, drinking wine and liqueur was an identity marker for the elite, in the same way as wearing silk stockings or wigs. In the 18th century, the elite of New France adopted the same drinking norms as their metropolitan counterparts, from the choice and the service of drinks to their consumption and the inebriation that sometimes followed. The elite also took care to respect the social mores of drinking, especially those relating to gender. This display of a typically French style of drinking not only helped the elite maintain their social distance from the popular classes and thus remove themselves from the spectre of « savagery », but also reaffirmed their French identity, by reinforcing their participation in French culture and, by extension, in « civilization ».
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779.More information
Founded in 1806 by Pierre-Stanislas Bédard, the newspaper Le Canadien was one of the first political papers that specifically targeted the francophone audience of Lower Canada. Believed to be seditious by the British colonial power, the newspaper and its artisans were arrested in 1810. In addition to the ideological debates and parliamentary news that it featured, the newspaper also published excerpts of European books, thus contributing to the education and entertainment of the population. The newspaper became the first "peoples' library" in a society where books were rare and not easily accessible. This article presents and analyses a few excerpts chosen by the editors of the Canadien between 1806 and 1810.
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780.More information
The combined efforts of the Société historique de Montréal, the Antiquarian and Numismatic Society of Montreal and the Association catholique de la Jeunesse Canadienne, under the leadership of Victor Morin, enabled the first official celebration of the founding of Montreal. On the occasion of the 275th anniversary of the city, these associations developed a program that combined the religious origin of the city with patriotic values, commemoration with the historic development of Ville-Marie. Various activities: Episcopal Mass, guided tour of Old Montreal, commemoration of the memory of the foundresses of religious communities and meeting provide an opportunity for civil and religious representatives to express their position vis-à-vis Montreal and Canadian society. The remarks made during the various event of May 17 and 18 offered a summary of the ideological positions of the elite, be it clerical, Canadian - both French and English-speaking - and French. Montréal became a crossroad of values in the Quebec society between bonententisme and nationalism, francophilia and imperialism.