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AbstractBreton observed that, in comparison with young English Canadians, young French Canadians had very high educational and professional aspirations. After a brief review of the literature on the relationship between social stratification and aspirations, the authors challenge Breton's data and his frame of reference. They show that his sample of secondary school students introduces a selection among the French Canadians since the way in which the dependent variables were defined artificially raises the aspirations of French Canadians. Repeating Breton's analysis inside of Quebec, the authors obtain different results. For them, Quebec appears to be an entity which is more sociologically significant than Canada as a whole for a comparative analysis of the aspirations of young French and English Canadians.

The multiple definitions of a social problem depend on various theoretical perspectives, schools of thought, social historical and political contexts, groups of interest and presence of diverse actors, etc. To the extent that a problem is recognized as a social one, it is after it passed through various stages: number of citizens touched by the problem, social ties proximity or distance to the social mainstream in relation to the problem, institutionalization process, modalities of social reactions, etc. We will attempt to demonstrate certain links between social conditions and gambling abuse as a potential social problem. In a second phase, a psychosocial perspective will illustrate the addiction phenomenon and the central importance of distinguishing between use and abuse in the addiction cycle construction. Finally, a conclusion will focus on future perspective and questioning the gambling phenomenon as a social problem.

Keywords: Problème social, dépendance, jeux de hasard et d'argent, individualisme, contrôle social, Social problem, addiction, gambling, hyper individualism, social control

There is now broad consensus on the usefulness of family approaches in early intervention programs. The evolution of knowledge about early psychosis and the development of family interventions have greatly influenced the perception of families in the recovery process. Objectives This article proposes a state of knowledge of family intervention practices by looking at family involvement in early intervention. Knowledge from the family journey constitutes the historical basis of the article, while more recent knowledge about psychotic disorders and family intervention form the basis of the article's content. The objectives are to: 1) document the specific impacts and needs of families during a first episode of psychosis (FEP); 2) review the main approaches in family intervention; 3) guide the application of family interventions in FEP programs and 4) raise issues related to family involvement in early intervention.Method Historical knowledge on the development of family intervention approaches in mental health was documented from the work of pioneers in the field of family intervention, while the state of current practices has been the subject of a literature review (intervention models and approaches, effectiveness of interventions, issues of intervention and family involvement, etc.). Results from recent studies conducted in Quebec and elsewhere provide an overview of intervention methods and the contribution of families in early intervention teams. Issues related to the establishment of collaborative practices, information sharing and respect for confidentiality in mental health are addressed.Results Knowledge from the literature review and recent research is highlighted in relation to the First Episode Psychosis Intervention Programs Framework (Cadre PPEP, 2018) and the Mental Health Action Plan measures (PASM 2015-2020), as well as to international best practice guidelines for early intervention. They identify what has been achieved as well as ways to move forward in order to continue developing family intervention practices in Quebec.Conclusion Recognition of the essential role of families and their involvement in early intervention presents challenges. While family interventions have demonstrated their effectiveness, both for the person with the disorder and for their family, actions must be taken to support the implementation of these practices and ensure their sustainability in early intervention teams.

Keywords: interventions familiales, approches familiales, pratiques collaboratives, interventions précoces, premier épisode psychotique, case management, family interventions, family approaches, collaborative practices, early intervention, first episode psychosis, case management

Objectives Bipolar disorder is a chronic condition which significantly impacts the functioning and quality of life of patients with the disorder. Recognized efficacious psychological interventions, such as group psychoeducation, can help better address some of the limitations observed when pharmacotherapy is used alone in the management of bipolar disorder. However, access to these evidence-based interventions seems to be limited for most patients. Indeed, the translation of knowledge acquired through research towards actual clinical settings poses a significant challenge. Assessing the implementation of these efficacious interventions in clinical practice is thus a priority. The objective of this study is to describe the implementation of a psychoeducative intervention, the Life Goals Program (LGP), for the treatment of bipolar disorder in community mental health settings in Quebec City.Methods The LGP was implemented in three different clinical settings located in Quebec City. Fifteen healthcare service providers chosen by their respective clinical site were trained to deliver the intervention. They delivered the treatment to 73 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Healthcare service providers filled a log book after each group session, in order to assess whether they had properly delivered the content of the program. At the end of the study, they also participated in a group interview in order to get a better understanding of their experience delivering the intervention and their appreciation of the research process.Results Following qualitative content analysis, four main categories of factors that could influence the implementation of the intervention were identified: 1) healthcare service providers' characteristics (academic training, clinical experience, personality, knowledge of the program, and dynamic between animators); 2) participants' characteristics; 3) organizational context (physical and material environment, staff stability, administrative management and research requirements); and 4) facilitation (perception of research, research team support, and facilitation tools). These categories derived from data analysis coincide with those observed in the literature. The following factors seemed to have had the most impact in the differences observed between sites in the implementation of the LGP: the support offered by the research team; staff stability; and the academic training of healthcare services providers.Conclusion Dissemination and implantation studies can not only help determine factors that are important to consider when implementing a program, but can also help improve and adapt these programs in order to increase acceptability and effectiveness in real world clinical settings.

Keywords: trouble bipolaire, psychoéducation, implantation, transfert des connaissances, life goals program, implementation, psychoeducation, bipolar disorder

Objectives Mental health professionals who work with children face various challenges, requiring them to consider factors that aim to promote healthy adaptation in their clients. There is a growing body of literature showing that child attachment pattern, as well as mentalizing ability in both children and their parents, are related to various indicators of well-being including mental health. However, studies assessing these constructs in clinical samples are sparse.Method Forty-nine children (2-6 years of age) and their parents were recruited through the Clinique spécialisée 0-5 ans of the Hôpital en santé mentale Albert-Prévost (HSMAP). A two-hour laboratory visit was carried out where parents and children completed individual and parent-child dyad tasks and filled out questionnaires. Various dimensions of parent and child functioning were assessed including the mother-child attachment relationship and parents' mentalization ability.Results Preliminary results indicated that child attachment pattern was related to children's behavioral and executive functioning as well as parents' psychiatric symptoms and parenting-related stress. Moreover, parents in our sample had lower levels of mentalizing abilities than those found in normative samples. Parents' mentalizing ability was related to the presence of psychiatric symptoms, parenting-related stress, and a history stressful life events.Conclusion These results highlight the need for mental health professionals working in a child psychiatric clinic to consider the child's attachment pattern and the mentalization ability of children and their parents, throughout the assessment process and subsequent implementation of interventions. In the last section of the manuscript, we present different ways we have integrated these concepts into our clinical work with children and parents referred to HSMAP.

Keywords: attachement, mentalisation, pédopsychiatrie, enfants, parents, attachment, mentalization, child psychiatry, children, parents

Based on data from the survey of the uses of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) by Cameroonian households and citizens in 2015, we estimate the effects of peers and social multipliers that manifest themselves in the online health information seeking. From a two-step generalized least squares spatial approach (GS2SLS), we find a social multiplier of 12.66. It shows that public policies could succeed in reducing the Internet-health usage divide by setting up an initiative that would target only a limited number of individuals.

Keywords: Recherche d'information en santé, Internet, Effets de pairs, Modèle spatial des moindres carrés généralisés en deux, Online health information seeking, Internet, Peer effects, two-step generalized least squares spatial model, Investigación de información de salud, Internet, Efectos de los compañeros, Modelo espacial de mínimos cuadrados generalizados en dos etapas

Third World cities like Port-au-Prince contain low-income populations so poor or so heavily engaged in generating income from self-employment that planners may find it difficult to design policies and programmes that can make an appreciable difference in the way these people house themselves. For the ultra-poor, housing characteristics are shaped by the price of food. For the self-employed, the characteristics are shaped by the need to use resources to produce rather than to consume earnings. Efficient planning for shelter improvement in such cases requires design standards and measures of progress which do not differ too much from what these households may already regard as satisfactory.

On the 20th anniversary of the Université féministe d'été (UFÉ), the author, as cofounder and first director (2003-2013) of this annual event, recalls the context and challenges of its birth and first decade. She then emphasizes the decisive role played by the Université Laval's Groupe de recherche multidisciplinaire féministe (GREMF), highlighting the history and realizations of the two other main components of GREMF's legacy since the 1980's. These are the international journal Recherches féministes and the Chaire Claire-Bonenfant – Femmes, savoirs et sociétés. The author ends her testimony with some thoughts on the institutionalisation of feminist studies.

Keywords: études féministes, femmes et université, interdisciplinarité, Québec, témoignage

De-institutionalisation in the fields of social work and medical social work in France is a chief concern of the European Union, whose wish it is to ensure support for clients within a perspective that is first and foremost inclusive. This perspective entails questioning the world of the institution in its structural, functional and economic aspects by viewing it as a realm of paradoxes. Thus de-institutionalisation means bringing into question – once again – the institution’s areas of activity and modes of governance. Stated more simply, the approach questions what does, or does not, make sense within the world of the institution. Allied to this is our ability fully to grasp how de-institutionalisation might lead to improved care for clients; and what possibilities there are for developing positive coherence in treatment between the environment(s) within the institution and the environment(s) without. It is also time to examine the notion of ‘institution juste’ (‘righteous institution’) as the place for the‘vivre ensemble’ (living together) such as defined by Paul Ricoeur, this questioning promising to be fruitful if resting on the respect of clients' rights.