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In July 1940, the British Surrealist artists Dr Grace W. Pailthorpe (also a prominent psychiatrist) and Reuben Mednikoff set sail for the United States. After a two-year stay in New York City and Berkeley in California, they moved in July 1942 to British Colombia, Canada, where Dr Pailthorpe accepted a position at the Provincial Mental Institute of Essondale. Later in Vancouver, she founded the Association for the Scientific Treatment of Delinquency and was invited with her husband by the Vancouver Art Gallery to exhibit their paintings and give a conference on Surrealism. This series of events made British Colombia the launching pad for Surrealism in Western Canada with one Surrealist exhibition and three conferences on Surrealism. One of these talks was even broadcast by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation during the radio show Mirror for Women. Vancouver warmly welcomed Breton's movement in contrast to Toronto, which held a Surrealist exhibition at the 1938 Central National Exhibition. The reasons for Vancouver's openness are twofold: most importantly, Pailthorpe's association with science lent credibility; and Vancouver at the time was open to new ideas. This article focuses on the Canadian sojourn of these two important artists in the context of Canada's adoption of Surrealist ideas (Automatism being the most important) and the publication of the CBC transcripts of Dr Pailthorpe's seminar.

This article focuses on making visible the coexistence of at least two worlds in the Puracé Indigenous Reservations through the information I collected in the company of the Puracé Indigenous Council when getting to the water supplies in this territory. These worlds can be distinguished through the two ways in which they interact with water: first (the modern way) where the water is only an object (H2O), and the other (not so modern) Puracéan world where water, besides being an object, has its own characteristics such as a spirit and a will. Visualizing this coexistence may perhaps influence the conduct of contemporary development and public policies in countries considered as multicultural nations.

From the XVIth to the XVIIIth century, feminine aging incited contrasting iconographical and textual testimonies regarding the function of elderly women as well as the often negative prejudices they were subjected to. It wasn't easy for a mature woman to maintain a role assuring her the consideration of her family or of a society which, since the Renaissance, glorified youth, beauty, and fecundity. There were also female artists of this period who embodied the issues and challenges of old age that are still ours today : i.e., achieving meaningful and dignified acceptation of the alterity of aging.

Keywords: vieillesse, corps, sexualité, beauté, maternité

Keywords: Abduction, pragmatisme, doute, croyance, recherche qualitative

This article relates the results of research based on a case study involving the professionals and semi-professionals of a CLSC. In the face of a work crisis among this group of employees (greater accent on private life), the researchers formulated an initial hypothesis that changes in life-style could be responsible. A questionnaire based on work satisfaction, to which had been added a series of questions on lifestyle, tended to confirm this hypothesis.In-depth interviews conducted with management and employees, however, indicated that management-style went along way to explaining both resignations and loss of motivation. Life-style played rather an indirect role, in that union and political detachment left management an opening to pursue its project of rationalization and work organization. By adopting an authoritarian and bureaucratic management-style, management addressed itself first to changing the rapport between staff and clientele, making them less personal and more functional. This observation led the researchers to formulate a new hypothesis concerning the dual determination of the work process. In the production of public services, the work process is determined on the one hand by the social rapport of capitalist production (work rapport) and on the other by the rapports developed between forms of production of services and the clientele benefitting from them (clientele rapport). The second hypothesis, concerning changes in the work process of professionals, forces us to go beyond approaches insisting exclusively on the work rapport (eg classic marxism) and others (eg cultural and social movement approaches) equally exclusive regarding clientele rapport.This article is subdivided into two parts. The first deals with the initial hypothesis and attempts to identify the various approaches to the work crisis. The second presents certain results and puts the accent on the case of community organizers and nurses. In conclusion, the researchers attempt to reformulated their analysis with a view to further research. They readily admit the limits involved in such a case study. Nevertheless, they reflect on the potential of this second hypothesis in helping explain why works rationalization (and more directly Taylorization) has been put into practice at different times and with different rhythms than in the industrial sector.

In the context of the growing feminization of membership in Canadian labour unions, this study examines the relationship between gender and multiple dimensions of worker commitment to the union organization. Based upon survey responses from 223 female and 222 male union members in Saskatchewan, the results reveal no gender differences with regard to expressed levels of union "loyalty" and "responsibility to the union". However, a small but significantly lower level of "willingness to work for the union" was expressed by female union members. In comparative analyses of males and females, the results are generally supportive of greater commonality than differences in the correlates of union commitment for men and women.

The author presents a new method of formative evaluation which provides forfeed-back and a way to improve performance in post-secondary teaching. This methoduses a directed group process based on formative evaluative objectives. Based on theDelphi technique and the Group Nominal technique, it appears to produce a higherdegree of satisfaction among its users and is easier to administer. The reliabilityresults were satisfactory for use in post-secondary teaching and in industry. Thisarticle describes the application and the results of this method in post-secondaryteaching.