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This article presents the results of a survey conducted in June 2020 amongst 2060 respondents about their opinions regarding social assistance recipients in Quebec. It reports on the impacts of the health crisis on these opinions and provides an analysis of the media coverage of social assistance produced between March 23 and June 25, 2020. This period corresponds to the first lockdown experienced in Quebec due to COVID-19. The conclusions of our work highlight a congruence between lasting negative opinions towards welfare recipients, a low level of social acceptability of the specific aid that could be paid to them during a health crisis, a low level of media coverage of the issues associated with welfare in the context of a health crisis, and the absence of measures undertaken by the Quebec government to mitigate its impacts on welfare recipients.

Keywords: assistance sociale, crise sanitaire, COVID-19, protection sociale, opinion publique, couverture médiatique, cadres médiatiques, social assistance, health crisis, COVID-19, social protection, public opinion, media coverage, media frames

In this paper, the author looks back to « Wages for Housework » perspective, as thought by Mariarosa Dalla Costa and Selma James in The Power of Women and the Subversion of Community (1972). The author gives main outlines of some theoretical contributions of this thought, and presents some mobilizations who express it between 1972 and 1977. Her paper ends up with some actual issues concerning domestic and social reproduction work.

Keywords: féminismes (mouvements sociaux), travail non rémunéré, féminisme marxiste, reproduction sociale, mouvement du salaire au travail ménager

Based on semi-directed interviews with 50 urban and peri-urban women farmers from marginalized areas (favelas, assentamentos, terreiros, and quilombola and indigenous communities) in the states of Ceará and Pernambuco, the author focuses on the social dynamics which allow these women to break with stigmatization and invisibility, on the one hand, and to become a social movement, in line with Touraines' three principles (identity, opposition and historicity) that must coexist in any social movement, on the other hand. Her analysis reveals that the militant actions of these women farmers nourish collaborative networks that go beyond land rights, thus contributing to individual and relational empowerment articulated around the Social and Solidarity Economy Project as a way to end the various forms of domination and cross oppression, an unfinished endeavor today jeopardized by the government of Bolsonaro.

Keywords: agricultrices urbaines et périurbaines, nordeste, Brésil, économie sociale et solidaire, alliances, identité, opposition, historicité

This article offers a critical and analytical survey of the “birth of the author” in some of the earliest extant French manuscripts, drawing on the notion of trust and the material nature of the book. It begins by analyzing how modern critics and mediaevalists alike have, for the most part, approached the matter of the trustworthiness of the medieval author's discourse through the prism of subjectivity and autobiography, presenting the Middle Ages either as the opposite or the infancy of modernity. The article then goes on to seek to avoid such an interpretative lens, presenting instead ancient and medieval discourses and practices surrounding the author—or auctor. The article emphasizes the collective and material notions of trust that such discourses and practices imply. Eventually, it sheds light on the editorial and poetic practices specific to the birth of the French author. This birth, it is argued, is defined by a renewed defiance toward any human discourse, instead strengthening faith in the authority of God.

This article aims to present the results of research on professional socialization of internationally educated teachers integrating into Montreal schools. A series of group interviews were offered to some of them and to peer mentors to co-analyze concrete events that marked their integration and discuss their meanings. The results highlight two major dimensions of their socialization: the relationship with students and the regulation of classroom behavior, as well as the participation in the peer community and the meaning of professional competence.

Keywords: enseignant·e·s formé·e·s à l'étranger, conventions tacites, écologie professionnelle, socialisation, écoles montréalaises, internationally educated –teachers, tacit agreements, professional ecology, socialization – Montreal schools, maestro formado en el extranjero, convenciones tácitas, ecología profesional, socialización, escuelas de Montreal

AbstractTaking a gendered perspective, this article analyses texts which appeared in medical and religious publications between 1920 and 1950 in order to understand how they understood the role of sports in Quebec. Physicians and priests had a utilitarian and humanist view of sports, which meant that the latter had to be used to teach physical and moral abilities which would enhance men's performance in the industrial society. Consequently, men were strongly encouraged to participate in sports in the hopes that it would allow them to better serve the nation's interests, through industry and the army, as well as affirm the nation's strength. As « mothers of the nation », women were invited to participate in sports so that they, as well as their children, would be healthier. However, women's access to sports was restricted by physicians and clergy who perceived sports as a potential threat to the maternal body and to the heterosexual order.

Guimarães Rosa describes as an “irrational autobiography” his novel Grande Sertão : Veredas (1956) – the hero, Riobaldo, is a bard/poet who submits to a Faustian pact to take over Hermogen (the arbitrary sign) and finally receive Otacilia (the literary prize) ; however, this ends at the cost of Diadorim's loss (Deodoron, God's gift : the soul). At the same time, in a poetic register close to holographic oraliture, Guimarães Rosa claims to have written his masterpiece in a state of possession. And while he adjourned, by admitted and claimed superstition, his entry into the Brazilian Academy of Letters for four years, he mysteriously died three days after the ceremony. Enigma or staging ? By means of factual clues carefully planted on the interpretative paths, and following a scenario completely new in the universal history of literature, the novelist composes in minute details an autobiography irreducible to a version that would be permanently framed by graphic printing: this autobiography can only be conceived in the poetic space of oraliture (in its collective and gregarious social manifestations, beyond the universe of the printed letter). In order to transform his own existence into a living legend and to avoid the hazardous incompleteness of the human condition (as well as the reductive limitations that mark the advent of the written text), Rosa narrates the story of a life (his own), under the pretext of a “death foretold”, through a textuality that is exclusively accomplished in the imagination of her readers.

(Socio)constructivist approaches are often considered to be the only ones able to promote skills development. Is this really the case? This article first analyzes four questionable presuppositions that may be at the origin of this posture. It then shows, from works in cognitive psychology, that skills development is rather favored by the adoption of an explicit teaching.

Keywords: Développement de compétences, enseignement explicite, approches (socio)constructivistes, psychologie cognitive, enseignement efficace, charge cognitive, Skills development, explicit teaching, (socio)constructivist approaches, cognitive psychology, effective teaching, cognitive load

AbstractIn the early 1960s, the leaders of the Montreal Catholic School Commission condemned the weak development of their secondary school programs, which were falling significantly behind those of the Protestant School Board of Greater Montreal (PSBGM). An unfair method of allocating school taxes was seen as one of the main reasons behind this lag, which represented a barrier to francophone education. At that time, school taxes were collected according to real estate assessments and were divided among the public schools according to the religious affiliation of the property owners. Because of the higher level of wealth among Protestants, the PSBGM benefited from this funding model. This article aims to reconstruct the different stages in the CECM's lobbying campaign to abolish this model of school funding. It will illustrate the direct connection between the democratization of public secondary education and the equitable redistribution of financial resources among Montreal's school boards.

This article examines the funerary rites of the Anicinabek (Algonquins) of Quebec, tracing back their history up to contemporary practices, and focuses on the changes that have forced the Anicinabek to deal with external rules. Today, while many traditions persist, the need to conform to certain norms can sometimes violate Anicinabek customs and beliefs. I describe the issues they face and the adaptations they have developed. By way of conclusion, I recommend that First Nations have greater access to information about their ancestral rights and that the stakeholders in the areas surrounding death be sensitized in order to be more respectful of Aboriginal people.

Keywords: Anicinabek, Algonquins, mort, rituels funéraires, droits, Anicinabek, Algonquins, death, funeral rituals, rights