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This contribution of a theoretical, conceptual, and intertextual nature is written from the political philosophy of education and interdisciplinary ethics, in a practical and applied perspective to the digital, or more specifically to the digitalization of the hypermodern democratic world. We begin by sketching a panorama of the different ways in which the notion of a critical approach to digital education can be understood, and by positioning our own approach within it. We then ask how it might be possible to think of public policies for digital education that would bring to life the ambition of a humanist education in a problematic world and to consider the close intertwining of normative links between democratization and digitalization. First, we present the resources contained in Ogien’s work and then go on to show the interest of re-examining the links between education and humanism from a critical and minimalist perspective and from the point of view of the digital mutations of the world. Finally, we discuss what would constitute a digital perfectionism within public education and training institutions and try to discern the conditions under which the promotion of a digital humanism can be exempted.

Keywords: ethics, éthique, digital, numérique, critique, critique, Ogien, Ogien

SummaryThe objective of this paper is to explore the following question : in a sociological demonstration, how does one link heterogeneous data together meaningfully ? After suggesting that this is less an academic problem than a difficulty inherent in the construction of sociological discourse, the paper proposes to show how a specific use of formalism makes an interesting solution to the original question possible. This is not just the vain substitution of logical calculation for natural language, but rather making those cognitive operations necessary to understanding the various levels of social analysis explicit through the use of formalism, these levels being understood as being inseparably structure, history and meaning. Thus, the thesis of a principle of critical cumulativeness can be put forward, which can make possible, in the maze of sociological production, the identification of the relevant lines of a rational capitalization of knowledge.

SummaryA questionnaire survey of geneticists in 37 nations included 5 cases on sex selection by prenatal diagnosis (PND). Of 4594 asked to participate, 2895 (63%) responded. 47% (46% in Canada; 62% in the U.S.) reported outright requests. 49% would perform PND (29%) or refer (20%), including 72% in the U.S. (34% perform, 38% refer) and 51% in Canada (17% perform, 34% refer). Women geneticists and genetic counselors were more likely to honor patient requests, especially by referral. Responses suggest a trend toward honoring patient requests or offering referrals in 14 of 19 countries surveyed in 1985, including the U.S. India (32%), Sweden (22%), and Turkey (10%) were exceptions, with decreases of almost half. Except in India and China, few respondents assigned importance to social consequences of sex selection. Reasons for current trends are discussed.

SummaryAfter the second world war, economic progress in Sâo Paulo favored not only a number of initiatives in art patronage, but the creation of a market for painting as well. Concentration of income and greater access to secondary and higher education for boys and girls from the bourgeoisie and the middle class brought changes to the, conditions for recruitment as well as to the career profiles of painters, art dealers and art critics. Using the concept of field as defined by Pierre Bourdieu, this paper examines the competitive material and symbolic interests and unveils the ambiguities present in the ideology of 'free art'.

The author has tracked down the evolution of SARS crisis in the world, fromFebruary to June 2003. As he was finishing this, there have been 8,500 SARS casesreported and 810 deaths. So, it is not one of the true mass killers it was supposedto be in comparison with other world past or actual pandemic, such as aids, plague,malaria, tuberculosis, diarrhea diseases, measle, thyphoid fever, or influenza.After some general comments of the virus, called Severe Acute RespiratorySyndrome, he observes the appearance of that pneumonia-like virus in severalAsia-Pacific countries and its subsequent spread to Canada in the Toronto area. Hecomments on the role played by the World Health Oganization. Finally, he describesits impact on the economy in general, particularly the tourist industry, and its minoreffect on the insurance industry, because SARS is excluded from several insurancepolicies. Finally, lessons are drawn, such as some steps to prevent and control thevirus propagation.

Aging facilities and an energy transition have prompted the nuclear industry to start dismantling obsolete installations. Teleoperation is at the heart of this process as these installations are complex, difficult to access, and radioactive. The literature on teleoperation shows a predominance of technical aspects, with little information on its uses in a dismantling site, which raises questions about the organizational and human issues involved. This research-intervention analyzes teleoperation activities in the nuclear industry to understand the physical and psychological impacts on teleoperators, based on theories of activity and situated acceptance of technologies. The methodological approach is based on (a) an analysis of internal company documents; (b) 10 individual interviews; (c) participation in work group meetings; and (d) two observations of a teleoperation activity. The aim of this approach is to trace the teleoperation activity of the various actors involved in the deployment of the device, from design to use in the field. Content analysis of observations and interviews reveals that teleoperation is a mediated, multi-faceted activity (confined room, tool guidance and maintenance), characterized by static work, repetitive tasks and multisensory information to be managed simultaneously. These characteristics involve physical and cognitive demands that are likely to have an impact on the teleoperator's well-being. Training for teleoperators appears to be partial, and is mainly carried out in real-life work situations. This study identifies the technical, organizational, and cognitive constraints faced by teleoperators on a dismantling site. It suggests a participative design of a flexible teleoperation tool, involving engineers, site managers, and the teleoperators themselves, based on real activity, with a view to preserving the health of teleoperators and optimizing their performance. 

Keywords: Activités, Activities, Téléopération, Teleoperation, Démantèlement, Dismanting, Installations nucléaires, Nuclear facilities, Santé et sécurité, Health and safety

The aim of this article is to document the adaptation of services at the Quebec City Refugee Health Clinic during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with health care workers who had worked at the clinic. The results were systematized according to the following themes: adaptation of services, screening tool, course of interventions, needs of refugees during the pandemic and impact of service adaptation. Recognition that refugees constitute a vulnerable population was essential in preventing a breakdown in the supply of services, thus playing a preventive role.

Keywords: COVID-19, COVID-19, refugees, réfugiés, soins de santé, health care, équité en santé, health equity, intervention studies, études d’intervention