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The multiple conceptualizations of learning assessment have led to a wide variety of practices, and it is difficult to determine which ones promote student learning. The purpose of this research is to attempt to identify best practices in formative assessment in the context of elementary and secondary education. A systematic review, which identified and analyzed 35 articles, revealed five practices that are recognized as being effective in promoting student learning in the classroom. Two other practices appear promising but require further research. Implications for policies, practices and research are discussed.

Keywords: pratiques évaluatives, évaluation des apprentissages, évaluation formative, données probantes, enseignement primaire et secondaire, assessment practices, assessment of learning, formative assessment, evidence, elementary and secondary education, prácticas evaluativas, evaluación de los aprendizajes, evaluación formativa, datos probatorios, enseñanza primaria y secundaria

The recent emergence of unusual family situations and calls for their recognition entails a re-evaluation of the concepts of parent, parenthood and filiation. What is filiation? What meaning should it hold? And how does "parent" differ from "filiation"?* As for parenthood, how does that fit in with the notions of "parent" and "filiation"? The present text considers these questions from the child's standpoint. It provides a picture of the realities and tendencies that are attached to the subject in the western world, and more particularly in Canada.

AbstractIn France as in most western countries, the immigrant is strongly associated with delinquency in collective representations and in media and political discourses concerning « insecurity ». This association can be decomposed into two distinct concerns : the delinquency of foreigners and the delinquency of French youth born of immigrants. This article proposes a critical survey of French research on these questions, based on administrative data and sociological research, both qualitative and quantitative. The rigorous examination of police statistics does not allow for the measurement of foreigners' delinquency. It does, however, invite us to distinguish between the professional delinquency of non resident foreigners and the delinquency of resident foreigners, such as theft and physical violence, a type of delinquency classically observed in the poorest part of the population. Sociological research allows us, then, to emphasize the fact that an overrepresentation of youth born of African immigrants among juvenile delinquents can be observed in some places but not as a general and uniform process. This statement of fact leads us to try to discover the local processes that favour the development of this local variation, from both sociological and psycho-sociological points of view.

AbstractEthnic communities are socio-political constructs with permeable boundaries that evolve in a dynamic way, particularly through the migration process. This article presents the historic and demographic components of the way in which South Asian groups build community in Montréal in a comparative perspective with Toronto and Vancouver. It draws on various documentary and statistical sources, including the 2001 and 2006 Canadian Census, special surveys, the Immigration Atlas of Montréal CMA in 2001, and 39 interviews with community leaders and respondents carried out in 2006. Our analysis explores the hypothesis that while linguistic and socioeconomic barriers contribute to South Asian communities' isolation and marginalisation in Montréal, they simultaneously foster a sense of community.

Keywords: communauté ethnique, Sud-Asiatique, histoire migratoire, démographie, territoires urbains, Ethnic community, South Asian, migratory history, demography, urban territories

There are numerous studies on populist parties in the literature in political science. However, the notion is still characterized by a lack of clarity and many aspects of populism are still unexplored. A minimal definition can facilitate the classification of parties, but this is mainly realized on the basis of manifestos and discourses delivered during an electoral campaign. Yet, populist parties increasingly gain access to power and, according to the literature, they tend to adapt their own strategies or style in order to remain in power. It thus becomes important to question their role once they are elected. Because very few studies have analyzed that issue and because it is the populist party with the strongest links with executive and legislative powers, this article focuses on the Swiss People's Party (SVP / Schweizerische Volkspartei, or UDC in French). Through a thematic analysis and based on original data, the article discusses the following issue: what relationship does the SVP develop with radical right populism when in power? It thus addresses the radical right populist aspect of the SVP beyond the electoral period.

Keywords: populisme, Suisse, UDC, pouvoir, populism, Switzerland, UDC, SVP, power

AbstractThe mental health issue in the workplace is quite present in unions, putting at the core of action the centrality of working quality of life. Many participative researches, based on psychodynamic of work and practitioners' narratives gave access to the reflective experience of unions workers about mental health at work, in their own union working context and through their interventions in external workplaces situations. New forms of working organisations, influenced by the “neoproductivist” ideology, have negative effect on mental health of numerous workers. The difficult access to democracy in the workplace is one important risk for mental health and the sign of a still prevalent condition of work alienation.

In this article I contend that “winner-take-all markets” (i.e., those where slight differences in performance mean huge differences in income) do not respect the libertarian principle that individuals are entitled to the fruits of their labour. If income must reflect the fruits of one's labour (which must itself be measured by performance), then income in these markets is much higher than the fruits of the labour – which, on this principle, justifies the adoption of a very progressive tax system.

Keywords: justice distributive, libertarianisme, travail, distributive justice, libertarianism, labor

After 7-8 years of implementation of the results-based management in French universities, it is possible to identify some discrepancies between the official purpose of the performance measures and actual practices.The framework of the “theory of appropriation” identifies three values of appropriation of management tools. By studying the joints between these values, our research objective to describe the dynamic forms of appropriation of public management tools.Our first results show, in French universities, around these values of appropriation, simplifications of the performance indicators responding to tensions of public governance and describing at least three dynamic levels of appropriation of these tools.

Keywords: appropriation, indicateurs, performance publique, simplification, université, appropriation, indicators, public performance, simplification, University, indicadores, funcionamiento público, propiedad, simplificación, Universidad

The set up of open labs into public institutions creates a paradoxical encounter between, on the one hand, a hybrid and flexible space and, on the other, an organizational bureaucracy. The integration of these spaces questions organizational creativity as the organization's ability to renew the management of its spaces, the relations with users and the organization of teams. From a multiple case study in the field of culture and health we have constructed a typology of the forms of internal and external relations of the open labs with the institutions. Our typology highlights the different sources of organizational creativity and the possible spin-off of this creativity within the organization and beyond its boundaries.

Keywords: Espaces, usagers, open labs, institutions culturelles et de santé, créativité, Spaces, users, open labs, cultural and health institutions, organizational creativity, Espacios, usuarios, laboratorios abiertos, instituciones culturales y de salud, creatividad organizacional

This paper addresses the question of governance within science-based industries. Across 110 interviews of leaders or managers of biotechnology firms in Quebec, several models dealing with value creation revealed both the issue and nature of interactions between the projects of biotech firms and those of their financial partners. It is because of the radical uncertainties related to the question of mastery of the expert knowledge that a game of exchanges of behaviors takes place. It implies the various protagonists of two regulations, the regulation of the real innovation projects and the regulation of the financial projects, and a set of rules built from a mixed regulation.

Keywords: gouvernance, biotechnologie, incertitude, expertise, cognition, régulation, governance, biotechnology, uncertainty, expertise, cognition, regulation, Alta dirección, biotecnología, incertidumbre, conocimiento experto, cognición, regulación