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ABSTRACTDuring the past decade, banks began a re-engineering of their administrative processes, which are being redefined on the basis of customer relations. For employees, the re-engineering is producing a radical restructuring of the organization and is changing the very nature of work. In the case of the Caisses populaires Desjardins in Quebec, the organization of work is now characterized by increased autonomy, versatility and flexibility, and new skills. The quality of the services offered is greater, and consulting activities are increasing, but the objective of providing the most universal access possible to all sectors of the population now seems to be compromised.

Research Framework: This article is based on a PhD research in socio-anthropology about the transmission of familial memory among Rwandans living in France. We are interested in the day-to-day kinship of orphans after the genocide of the Tutsi in Rwanda. Objectives: The objective of this article is to provide a better understanding of family reconfigurations in post-genocide Rwanda. We will see how the care of orphans has transformed the boundaries of kinship. Methodology: We conducted an ethnographic study based on a non-linear fieldwork from 2014 to 2019. We carried out semi-directive interviews with Rwandans living in France who were less than 20 years old in 1994, as well as with their family members, in France or in Rwanda. This was complemented with the development of kinship trees and with observations made during commemorations. Results: We document here several hosting situations for orphans after the Tutsi genocide: foster care, children's households and orphanages. The Rwandan government pursued family-based policy that aimed at “reunification” or placement in a family. We present configurations of households of care that may or may not involve relatives, or even protect themselves from them . Conclusions: The genocide provoked a crisis of orphans' care that impacted kinship relations, through acts of solidarity or hostility. Households of care and lines of transmission have seen their boundaries redrawn by affective and material exclusion and inclusion of orphans. Contribution: The article allows us to reinscribe kinship relations and everyday kinship in a given socio-economical and historical context, that of post-genocide Rwanda. It sheds light on the family and societal changes that occur in the aftermath of genocide.

Keywords: Orphelin, parenté, génocide, Rwanda, fratrie, prise en charge, famille, Orphan, kinship, genocide, Rwanda, siblings, care, family, Huérfano, parentesco, genocidio, Ruanda, hermandad, cuidado, familia

Research Framework : In serious illness, the proliferation of therapeutic possibilities often delays the moment when death is foreseen and when palliative care, too often associated with the end of life and death, is introduced into patients' care paths. In this context, pediatric palliative care tries to play an active role in the care relationship, beyond the idea of treatments for recovery. Objectives : Our aim is to better understand the moment when palliative care becomes a possibility in the trajectory of serious illness, and how it is represented. We examine how palliative care fits into the parents' experience, as well as the way in which their experience of serious illness, and more so the relational dimension of the end of life, is expressed. Methodology : We draw on the testimonies of parents whose children suffered major illness and death. Through individual semi-structured interviews between 2017 and 2019, we collected the stories of 16 Montreal children and adolescents (10 boys and 6 girls aged between a few weeks to 19 years) with a genetic or rare disease, cancer or multiple chronic conditions of migrant and non-migrant background. Results : Not only is the type of illness an important figure in the palliative care trajectory, care and the families' profiles also shape their perception of a (nonetheless) positive experience of their child's end of life. Conclusions : Curative/palliative therapeutic perspectives have little bearing on our participants' satisfaction with care at the end of life, as long as a therapeutic trust bond is present between the family and the health care team. Both positively and negatively, this bond of trust influences the pediatric care relationships and major illness trajectories, as well as the end-of-life experiences of loved ones. Contribution : Through the experiences of children at the end of life as shared (mostly) by mothers, this paper discusses both curative and palliative perspectives as chosen by the parents of children facing a poor prognosis. Beyond the different philosophies that inhabit these approaches, the quality (and continuity) of the relationships established with care providers is a determining factor in the quality of the experiences documented through our study.

Keywords: relation thérapeutique, soin, pédiatrie, enfant, parent, maladie grave, fin de vie, palliatif, accompagnement, therapeutic relationship, care, pediatrics, child, parent, critical illness, end of life, palliative, accompaniment, relación terapéutica, cuidados, pediatría, niño, padres, enfermedad crítica, final de la vida, paliativos, acompañamiento

To this day, counterculture has mostly been studied from an occidental and colonialist perspective, without recognizing its cultural appropriation, whether it be the numerous superficial borrowings from oriental spiritualities (Roszak 1995 [1969]) or the artificial adoption of Indigenous lifestyles, wrongly qualified as a "return to the nature" (Deloria 2013). Counterculture in its true meaning challenges the oppressive structures of life (le Blanc 2014) and is intrinsically linked to Indigenous voices from the 1970s and 1980s. According to Emma LaRocque (Cree/Métis), since Indigenous literatures were not possible as a collective form of expression before the 1970s (2010: 19), Indigenous writings constitute the history of a strategic contestation. Furthermore, dissenting literature is the literary canon in Indigenous literatures (LaRocque 2010: 25). The colonialist devaluation provoked a countercultural response, an Indigenous counter-discourse that calls for a review of eurocentric knowledges (LaRocque 2010: 70 and 108). Through this contribution, I aim to deconstruct settler counterculture, and to provide an outline of what Indigenous literary countercultures are.

Keywords: I Am a Damn Savage, An Antane Kapesh, What Have You Done to My Country, Je suis une maudite sauvagesse, Settler Counterculture, Qu'as-tu fait de mon pays, An Antane Kapesh, Emma LaRocque, Emma LaRocque, Contre-culture settler

Research Framework : This article proposes to define pediatric palliative care by adopting an approach centered on the whole family and the various health professionals supporting them. Objectives : The main purpose of this introduction is to define pediatric palliative care, to describe the population likely to benefit from it, and to outline its main repercussions for families and caregivers. It also aims to contextualize each article in the issue. Methodology : This article is based on a review of the literature. Results : A definition of pediatric palliative care, the population concerned and the consequences for the whole family are presented. Conclusions : The authors put forward several avenues for further research in the field of pediatric palliative care. Contribution : This article contributes to the reflection and knowledge enrichment of those working with children and their families in pediatric palliative care. At the same time, it aims to introduce readers unfamiliar with this specific approach to care.

Keywords: soins palliatifs pédiatriques, prévalence, famille, professionnel de la santé, pediatric palliative care, incidence, family, healthcare professional, cuidados paliativos pediátricos, prevalencia, familia, profesional sanitario

Research Framework: In the context of the mission of a pediatric liaison team specializing in pediatric palliative care (PPC) in Belgium, this article analyzes the decision-making issues in the face of the best interests of the child in a study of two complex clinical cases that impacted this team and made them question their professional approach. Objective: This article highlights the notion of the best interests of the child based on decision-making issues related to his/her health. When parents and the health care team disagree about the treatment of a child in pediatric palliative care, we will analyze the issues related to the shared decision-making process (SDP) and the ethical factors to identify avenues of understanding and their solutions. Methodology: We have chosen as a method the study of 2 complex clinical cases experienced at home by a liaison team specialized in PPC. This qualitative method makes it possible to analyze the situation in its singularity and globality. It is an intrinsic case study, based on a practical problem encountered, a personal confrontation with a given complex professional situation (Duport, 2020). Results: Our research exposes the complexity of the decision-making trajectory and the need to take into account the systems of influence in decision-making, as well as the importance for the care team to step back and have an ethical reading grid adapted to the given situation. Conclusions: The management of a seriously ill child followed in a PPC is progressive and non-linear. Formalized shared decision-making (SDP) between the doctor, the child and his parents, and the health care team allows for the consideration of all the components involved in this process and aims to respect the best interests of the child. The different criteria create a climate of trust that is essential for the proper care of the child. Contributions: Blocking in the therapeutic relationship is a symptom of loss of trust with the risk of withdrawal, but systems can sometimes self-generate their own solution, which demonstrates the importance of developing and training teams in the shared decision-making approach.

Keywords: liaison pédiatrique, prise de décision partagée, intérêt supérieur de l'enfant, étude de cas, soins palliatifs pédiatriques, pediatric liaison, shared decision-making, best interests of the child, case study, pediatric palliative care, enlace pediátrico, toma de decisiones compartida, interés superior des niño, estudio de caso, cuidados paliativos pediátricos

In this relationship between the insurer and the policy-holder, between a contract of guarantees and a remuneration (premium or contribution), the insurance company faces up toa risk that is straight connects the information asymmetry which exists between it and thepolicy-holder.In a recent paper. A. Cohen (2005) shows that adverse selection is present with young drivers because they have a lack of experience, results which agree with the findings of Chiappori and Salanié (2000).The study presented in this paper comes within the framework of this last work. There is the equally question on the pertinence of the links existing between the accidents and the choice of contract of the young drivers. Our study is new on two points: - It concerns 4 types of guarantees (but no two), that is nearer to the reality in comparison to using a bivariate model. - These data are recent. They concern the year 2004, after the implementation of newsecurity measures at the circulation: automatic radars, more strict control of bloodalcohol content and more severe punishment for infractions. In addition, this newenvironment has brought about a decline in mortality from car accidents.In this modelling, the characteristics that explain the accidents and the choice of guaranteeare correlated. In this case, the autonomous estimation of the equation of accidents caninclude an endogenous bias. The individual characteristics of the young drivers that explainthe guarantee choice, explain also positively the probability of accidents. The hypothesisof adverse selection is verified among the young drivers who choose a contract “all risks”with a variable deductible.

Keywords: Assurance automobile, sélection adverse, choix de garantie, sinistralité, modèles bivariés, Automobile insurance, adverse selection, choices of guarantee, accident, damage, bivariate models

Treasure Island, published in 1883, had a great success from the end of the 19th century onwards, which quickly led to its adaptation in the early 20th century in emerging image media, such as cinema (from 1920) or comics (from 1936). These adaptations may have been aided by Stevenson's highly visual writing. The novel has been adapted in a dozen films, as well as several animation series. As for the comic book, to our knowledge it is the novel that has given rise to the greatest number of adaptations in this medium, with more than twenty albums or booklets, but also sequels or re-imaginings. Far from being compartmentalized, the cinematographic and “comic book” adaptations have been nourished by mutual exchanges. This article aims to study the way in which the many comic book adaptations of Stevenson's novel (Franco-Belgian graphic novels, but also comics or manga) have been influenced by film adaptations of the same novel, but also influenced audiovisual production. We will question the links between the source and the adaptations in the two media, as well as the mutual influences between adaptations of different media.

Keywords: Stevenson, Stevenson, comics, bande dessinée, adaptation, adaptation, transmediality, transmédialité, cinema, cinéma

With Crimes of the Future in 2022, Cronenberg returns to his science fiction: the film is based on an original screenplay written by the filmmaker in the wake of eXistenZ. But twenty years before its release, the film (which was then supposed to be called Painkillers) was rumoured in the press to be an adaptation of the “Manifesto of Carnal Art” by the French artist ORLAN. It can be shown that Cronenberg did indeed take ORLAN’s ideas on the “atheism” of (medically assisted) surgical performance seriously, and that he imposed his philosophical readings and his biological interests on them. What is the “accelerated evolution syndrome” from which the artist Saul Tenser suffers? How does the child called Brecken digest plastic? The humanity of Crimes of the Future once again seems to be grappling with Darwinian evolution, but the film also tells the story of the clash of counter-hypotheses. Here, the adaptation of theory comes face to face with the theories of adaptation. If Crimes of the Future is a film about adaptation, it is first of all because it stages the Nietzsche versus Darwin debate in the light of contemporary artistic and scientific problems.

Keywords: biological adaptation, adaptation biologique, adaptation cinématographique, film adaptation, Crimes of the Future, Crimes of the Future, David Cronenberg, David Cronenberg, Nietzsche, Nietzsche, ORLAN, ORLAN, Painkillers, Painkillers

This article invites a reconsideration of the role of adaptation in the development of modern Italian cinema, from the neorealist era to the auteur cinema of the 1960s. While post-war neorealism appears to celebrate the “purity” of a de-dramatized representation of reality, it is far from implying a renunciation of the artifices of screenplay writing. Neorealism is largely based on film adaptations, as evidenced by masterpieces such as Ossessione (Visconti, 1943) or Bicycle Thieves (Ladri da biciclette, De Sica, 1948). Through a comparative analysis of La Terra Trema (Visconti, 1948) and La Parmigiana (Pietrangeli, 1963), we would like to envision Italian modernity as regards the novels: contrary to the principle of fidelity, adaptation challenges the causality of cinematic narrative, leading to the indeterminacy of the modern novel.

Keywords: adaptation, adaptation, Antonio Pietrangeli, Antonio Pietrangeli, Luchino Visconti, Luchino Visconti, Italian neorealism, modernité cinématographique, film modernity, néoréalisme italien