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AbstractThe author reviews recent studies on social and occupational mobility. Twenty years after his joint publication with R. Bendix Social Mobility in Industrial Society, he is able to utilize the abundant data available form the communist countries : U.S.S.R., Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Yugoslavia. He shows that the research conducted in these countries repeatedly demonstrates that differences in rates of social mobility vary according to family's occupational status. Then, examining the results from such social-democratic nations as Sweden and Great Britain, he shows that there too, family origins are reflected in the rates of mobility, much as in France. He concludes that no nation has yet found the solution to inequality for children of the lower classes.

Social acceptability of mining projects is a major issue for the extractive industry. The literature considering social acceptability in connection with the mining world discusses a concept called the social licence to operate, as a way to avoid disturbance that could compromise extractive activities. This reductive vision is a transposition in the social world of mining projects establishment dynamics. Moreover, there are definitional and measurement difficulties associated with the notion of social acceptability itself. With the view of being useful to actors involved in real-life situations, we created an index that determines the risk for conflict development between a company and a local community during the first stages of mineral resources development, at the beginning of advanced exploration. It is applicable to the Province of Quebec. The model is based on an analytical description of the main determinants of conflicts, articulated around three structuring poles : affected community-ies, the company promoting the project, and the project itself in its natural environment. A questionnaire is used to qualify the communicational dynamics, and completes the evaluation of a given situation while giving space to perceptions. The identified variables are weighted and combined to get the social risk index. The index can be used by investors, mining companies, communities and governments. It facilitates the identification of aspects that can generate more social risk and the development of a stakeholder's dialogue. This article reflects the interdisciplinary approach adopted for this project.

Keywords: acceptabilité sociale, ressources minérales, modélisation, risque, interdisciplinarité, Québec, social acceptability, mineral resources, model, risk, interdisciplinarity, Québec

The Act to improve the legal situation of animals, unanimously adopted in 2015, is the last major legislative evolution in Quebec animal law. This law changes the legal status of animals, from property to sentient beings, and introduces a stricter legal framework for the welfare and safety of domestic animals. Despite these legal changes, many animals are still denied their sensibilities and their biological needs, especially on farms, creating situations that are more than absurd: a pet pig must be protected from excessive heat under penalty provided by law while on the farm, pigs die of heat, literally, during heat waves. How to explain such a shift? Why are sentient animals not all protected in the same way? The interest-convergence theory provides that a social change in favour of a minority group can only take place when the interests of the majority and those of the minority “converge” similarly toward that change. Interest-convergence is a plausible explanation for this legal gap. This article focuses on the context that led to the adoption of the Act to improve the legal situation of animals. The content analysis carried out on parliamentary proceedings shows that besides a concern for the animal, economic and social reasons are also at the source of the new legislation, and that economic interests explain its limits, thus confirming the presence of the phenomenon of interest's convergence during its creation.

Keywords: Situation juridique, animal, convergence des intérêts, droit animalier, analyse de contenu, travaux parlementaires, Legal status, animal, interest convergence, animal law, content analysis, parliamentary proceedings

Introduction: Health systems across Canada are facing high numbers of patients who use drugs (PWUD), have a diagnosed substance use disorder, or are experiencing a toxic drug poisoning event, necessitating innovative approaches to care. With high instances of toxic drug poisoning events, emergency department staff are facing increasing burnout and moral distress (Van Hout & O’Reilly, 2020). A quality improvement pilot-project was conducted with the aim of incorporating individuals with lived experience using unregulated drugs (i.e., peers) into emergency department teams to improve patient outcomes and enhance staff supports, in response to the significant impact of the toxic drug crisis on health-care systems.Methods: The project used an overarching Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) quality improvement framework, and a mixed-methods, utilization-focused evaluation to assess the impacts of embedding peers into the emergency department. A mixed methods design was used to collect data from intake forms, patient/staff experience surveys, and a semi-structured focus group of peer support staff.Results: The most common reasons for peer encounters (N = 764) were emotional support, harm reduction, referrals, witnessed consumption, and requests for basic necessities. The patient survey (N = 51) results demonstrated how the peers helped the majority of patients feel safe and more supported while accessing emergency care. ED staff (N = 22) shared positive experiences in the survey about the new peer program, highlighting improvements in patient support, increased access to harm reduction services, and the development of a more trusting healthcare system. During focus groups, peers (N = 2) outlined the importance of having this role embedded into emergency departments to ensure patients are receiving the care they need in a high-stress environment that, historically, has had the potential to cause significant harm through stigma and biases to PWUD.Conclusion: Integrating peers in the ED during the toxic drug crisis improved support for both patients and staff. This approach also has the potential to boost staff morale, reduce workload stress, decrease stigma toward PWUD, and enhance patient care. Overall, the hope is that integrating peers optimizes resources and strengthens both patient and provider experiences.

Keywords: emergency department, service des urgences, drug use, consommation de drogues, crise des drogues illégales toxiques, toxic drug crisis, peer support workers, soutien par les pairs, lived experience, expérience vécue

This article aims to explore the anthropological foundations of early Buddhist medical thought by conducting a comprehensive analysis of Pāli texts and their relationship to the development of Indian traditional medicine, such as Āyurveda. The research investigates the possible existence of an ancient Buddhist medical system and compares it with contemporary medical systems, such as Hippocratic medicine. By examining the Bhesajjakkhandhaka and the Bhesajjamañjūsā, two Pāli texts that discuss medicine, the article seeks to outline the key elements of ancient Buddhist medical conceptions. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of understanding the evolution of Buddhist medical practices and their potential role in defining Indian traditional medicine. The findings could provide a foundation for historians of Indian medicine to delve into even more complex aspects of the medical tradition in ancient Buddhism.

Keywords: Buddhist medicine, history of medicine

Between 1906 and 1954, the Franciscan order was at the helm of two important social movements in Québec: the temperance and Catholic family movements. In their journals La Tempérance (1906–1937) and La Famille (1937–1954), Franciscan writers invoked the hereditary consequences of alcoholism for future generations and the looming threat of racial degeneration. This paper examines how local religious and scientific elites contributed to the growing acceptance and dissemination of eugenics in early-twentieth century Québec. It focuses on the Franciscans’ writing about heredity, degeneration, and eugenics, and especially on Hervé Blais’s 1942 publication Les tendances eugénistes au Canada.

Keywords: Québec, Québec, Eugénisme, Eugenics, Ordre des frères mineurs, Order of Friars Minor, Temperance Movement, Mouvement de tempérance, Mouvement familial catholique, Catholic Family Movement