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262.More information
In 1575, Ambroise Paré composed the selection of his works in a book. His definition of surgery implied an order that included anatomy, surgical operations, as well as medical subjects. However, his works were more than a practica, i.e. a whole structure where the human body can be contemplated and where the surgeon, being The Minister of Nature, can assert his dignity. The order of an apologia can thus be superimposed above this linear composition in three parts.
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263.More information
Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
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264.More information
Every society has its explanations for the problem of suffering and disease. Although those explanatory models and the therapeutic responses that correspond to them vary greatly, there are healers in every society. In the Western world, most of the healing is done by medical doctors. Is that to say that doctors are healers? This begs the question: what are healers? This article presents the results of a research project that has been conducted at Sainte-Justine Mother and Child University Hospital Center, in Montreal, a high level hospital serving a multicultural population. It is based on in-depth interviews with medical doctors of different specialties. The interviews explore the concept of healing through recurrent themes in the anthropological literature on the subject, such as the themes of gift, transformation and power. The analysis shows that most doctors don't see themselves as healers, partly because they reject what they see as the magical components of healers' practices that are, in their view, opposed to their scientific approach. For them, the doctor's most important task is to identify the source of the ailment, to suggest a treatment and to accompany the patient on the road to recovery, assuming a part of his anguish. Paradoxically, this is quite close to the healer's role as it appears in various cultural contexts described in the anthropological literature.
Keywords: Anthropologie médicale, guérison, relation médecin-patient, incertitude, effet placebo, medical anthropology, healing, doctor-patient relationship, uncertainty, placebo effect
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265.More information
Kerala's martial art kaḷarippayaṟṟụ is emblematic of both the importance of the transnational scale in the development of knowledge and techniques, and of the multiple and varying connections between different forms of knowledge about the body and the person: yoga, Ayurvedic medicine, Siddha medicine, performing arts, ritual dances. We propose to describe the multiplicity and the dynamics of these relations through the concept of fluidity. We exemplify this concept through the study of a school of kaḷarippayaṟṟụ, where we stayed for eight months, which has recently turned into a cultural enterprise aimed at foreign disciples. We analyze how the master, who received an education in English, while running his transnational enterprise, on one side, reworks the relations between different domains of knowledge, and, on the other side, contributes locally to the debate on the contents and the modalities of transmission of kaḷarippayaṟṟụ.
Keywords: Silvestri, arts martiaux, corps, pratiques corporelles, savoirs, yoga, médecine indienne, Silvestri, martial arts, body, body practices, transmission, yoga, Indian medicine, Silvestri, artes marciales, cuerpo, practicas corporales, saberes, yoga, medicina india