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L'histoire de la médecine et celle de la famille se croisent parfois, mais rarement. Il s'agit souvent de deux historiographies séparées, l'une traitant plutôt des médecins et du progrès médical, l'autre de la famille, des femmes, des enfants et des rôles que chacun y joue. Notre étude se situe à la jonction de ces deux historiographies, traitant de la médecine populaire en milieu familial à Montréal pendant l'entre-deux-guerres. L'analyse de l'historiographie nous mena à une problématique : comment la médecine populaire familiale est-elle représentée dans l'espace public à Montréal pendant l'entre-deux-guerres? Nous tenterons de répondre à cette question grâce à des analyses qualitatives et quantitatives de journaux (La Presse, La Patrie), de bulletins médicaux (Le Bulletin sanitaire, Le Bulletin d'hygiène de la cité de Montréal) …

ABSTRACTThe homeopathic movement is often portrayed by historians as being opposed to the main transformations of nineteenth-century medicine. Nevertheless the Quebec case study shows a group of practitioners whose strategy for social recognition and mode of development were, in fact, similar to those of physicians of the regular school. Indeed, not only did homoepaths present themselves as "modern", "scientific" and "professionnal" representatives of medicine, but also, they built institutions almost identical to those of regular physicians. The persistence of the controversy about the validity of Hahnemann's doctrine and the competition between the two groups of practitioners must not obscure the fact that, at least within Quebec, the development of homeopathy was part of the more general movement toward the social recognition of professional medicine.

Objectives: The objective of this study was, first, to document the psychometric characteristics of a measure of the older adults' socioeconomic status and, secondly, to test the effect of the socioeconomic status on the association between the older adults perceived need to improve their mental health and their use of services in the general medical sector for psychological distress symptoms taking into account the effect of age and gender.Method: Data used in this study come from the ESA study (Enquête sur la santé des ainés) on mental health and aging, conducted in 2005-2008 using a probabilistic sample (n=2811) of the older adult population aged 65 years and over living at home in Quebec.Results: Our results showed that a measurement model of the older adults' socioeconomic status including an individual-level (SES_I) and an area/contextual-level dimension of socioeconomic deprivation (SES_C) was plausible. The reliability of the SES index used in the ESA research program was .92. Our results showed that women (b=-.43) and older people (b=-.16) were more at risk to have a disadvantaged socioeconomic status. However, our results did not show evidence of a significant association between the older adults' socioeconomic status, their perception of a need to improve their mental health and the use of medical services for psychological distress symptoms in the general medical sector in the older adult population in Quebec.Conclusion: Our results do not support the idea suggested in other studies that socioeconomic status has an effect on the older adults use of services for psychological distress symptoms in the general medical sector and suggest that in a context where medical health services are provided under a public insurance programme context, the socioeconomic status does not influence access to services in the general medical sector in the older adult population.

Keywords: épidémiologie, services de médecine générale, vieillissement, statut socioéconomique, epidemiology, general medical sector, aging, socioeconomic status

Alternative practices such as acupuncture, shiatsu and other forms of massage do not make sense unless we refer to the Chinese conception of energy. The author describes certain issues arising from the confrontation of an oriental conception of energy with North-American culture, and brings out the challenges and vulnerabilities associated with the transfer of oriental practices into North America. She points to the current practice of traditional medicine by the Chinese to understand the field of reference for alternative practitioners here and place the expectations of users in a more proper context. She concludes by discussing the hazards of a cultural transfer involving two antagonistic world views and the tribulations of the inexpressible energy.

Women's contribution to health and care production has been in the past, and remains in society today, of an essential and universal nature, regarding two primordial concerns: care for the body and support through mutual aid and accompaniment. The current orientations of western healthcare systems, including an ideological promotion of health and autonomy that results in a diminishment of certain values, especially those of interdependence, compromise the future of care to the extent that there is no care without the simultaneous existence of dependence and interdependence. Care represents a sort of ritual of accompaniment in life's passages, a work of mediation.

Resilience corresponds to positive psychophysiological outcomes while living in a stressful environment. The 10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC 10) allows a reliable and rapid estimation of resilience. As French version is still lacking, our objectives were to produce a French version, to analyze the psychometric properties and to measure scale invariance in different samples. The project involved health students enrolled at Nantes University. The dataset was composed by 1347 responses originating from first-year students, from dental and medical students, and from family medicine residents. Analyses revealed a replicable unidimensional structure. The indicators of internal consistency and time-related stability reached acceptance thresholds. Convergent validity was found acceptable only in the sample of family medicine residents. Scale invariance across gender and curriculum was satisfied at the weak/metric level. Strong/scalar invariance across gender was only observed for first-year students and for family medicine residents. Partial scale invariance across gender was proposed for medical and dental students. These results indicate that the French version of the CD-RISC 10 scale can be used to assess French health students resilience. However, invariance measurement remains essential in order to validate comparative analyses.

Keywords: résilience, échelle CD-RISC, formation médicale, psychométrie, stress, vulnérabilité, resilience, CD-RISC scale, medical education, psychometry, stress, vulnerability, resiliência, escala CD-RISC, formação médica, psicometria, stress, vulnerabilidade

ABSTRACTQuebec historians' interest in urban health is a recent phenomenon, originating in the 1970s. Since then, researchers drawing on the methods and concerns of social history have asked new questions bearing on the health of the city's population and on its relevant institutions and services. The following article reviews this recent literature, delineating its findings, approaches, and perspectives, and outlines various areas that have as yet been neglected.