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Plusieurs études montrent la précarité de la santé psychologique des étudiants en médecine, mais aucune n'aborde le sujet sous l'angle de l'épuisement scolaire (épuisement émotionnel et cynisme). Cette étude longitudinale s'intéresse premièrement à évaluer le niveau d'épuisement scolaire vécu par les étudiants en médecine d'une université québécoise. Elle cherche ensuite à explorer l'hétérogénéité du groupe sur le plan des trajectoires d'épuisement et, finalement, à dégager les variables qui ont un effet protecteur et précipitant sur le sentiment d'épuisement scolaire. Cette étude comporte trois prises de mesures effectuées à la session d'hiver 2009. L'échantillon final est constitué de 198 participants, dont 139 femmes et 59 hommes. Les résultats indiquent que le sentiment d'épuisement scolaire n'est pas généralisé à tous les étudiants en médecine. Cependant, notre étude …

AbstractWhat is the relevance of medical translation in a university-level course? What has changed in this field over the years? What new elements should be taken into account when teaching the course? These are some of the questions that we shall attempt to answer from our own experience in university teaching.

SummaryWe present here the beginnings of public health politics in Meiji Japan (1868-1912). Due to a two century isolation of Japan, public health concepts developed in the West from the end of the 18th century were foreign in premodern Japan. Due to its isolation, Japan was also relatively preserved from some acute infectious diseases such as cholera. In this paper, we investigate the role of cholera epidemics in the emergence of public health concepts in the peculiar context of Meiji Japan. We show that chronic diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy were neglected for a long time and that the Meiji governement set priority on acute infectious diseases that were considered as long as they disturbed public order. Nevertheless, some physicians and government officials considered issues of welfare and poverty. We also review some emerging concepts of social medicine. We try to show, that in Japan as well as in Western nations, public health politics were not exempt of contradictions and paradoxes and a permanent tension existed between coercitive policies and conceptions of welfare and rights to health.

To make an important scientific discovery that will make history takes a lot of determination, creativity, perseverance and luck! The story behind the discovery of stress and its biological basis is a fascinating one that places Dr. Hans Selye in the forefront. Dr. Selye was a great scientist that taught at the Université de Montréal from 1945 to his death in 1982. Dr. Selye was curious and hard working. He was determined to understand how various disorders can lead to similar physical manifestations, and this interest led him to discover the role of the adrenal glands involved in the stress response and to better understand the effects of glucocorticoids on the body. Today, the science of stress is based on the foundations established by Dr. Selye. In celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Département de psychiatrie de l'Université de Montréal, and the special issue of the Revue Santé Mentale au Québec, this historical review summarizes the discoveries of this great scientist who worked in Quebec.

Keywords: Hans Selye, histoire, stress, glucocorticoïdes, Kendall, Hans Selye, history, stress, glucocorticoids, Kendall

SUMMARYOn the basis of an empirical study of 50 alternative style health groups, including 19 working in mental health, the author proposes a socio-economical explanation for their development. He also develops a new concept which attempts to explain the effects produced by capitalist organization of the production and consumption of health treatment.

SUMMARYThe explanatory models of a biological nature are growing in popularity in psychiatry. The reason for this ideological tendency is studied and contradictory evidences are underlined. It seems that an exclusively biological conception of psychiatric disorders is more prescriptive than descriptive of the facts. Biological models, seemingly more "scientific" are particularly of interest to the professionals with a bio-medical training, and, in this sense, bear important implications for the practice of psychiatry. Their influences on clinical practice, professional training and research are reviewed and discussed.

Objectives To explore the level of satisfaction among residents regarding their training in psychotherapies, the interest they have in these therapies, and their wishes in the area of training.Methods A survey including both a quantitative and qualitative methodology was undertaken among 869 residents out of 1,334 enrolled in the psychiatric residency program. In the 2009-2010 academic year. The survey included five themes of study: theoretical academic training, psychoanalysis, training in institutes outside the university, supervision, wishes in the area of training. This article presents results from the qualitative sociological survey using a semi-guided interview with 27 residents. Their conceptions and practice in the field of psychotherapy, and its place in psychiatric practice were questioned in-depth.Results The vast majority of residents were interested in psychotherapy, but simultaneously dissatisfied with the training they had received. Almost half opted for various sorts of extra-curricular training, costly in time and money. The psychotherapeutic orientations among these residents were varied, and a plurality of methods and theoretical approaches was advocated both for reasons of having a wider viewpoint and good practice in psychiatry, and because the residents considered this plurality to be an essential component in their training. They saw psychotherapy as a medical practice, and considered that it is the responsibility of the psychiatric discipline to provide training in psychotherapies.Conclusion The absence of any real training in psychotherapies for residents in psychiatry is damaging for care quality in psychiatry. The recent creation of a protected title of psychotherapist for psychiatrists without the need of additional training suggests an urgent need to develop a training course. A proposal by the authors should be discussed in light of reflections and proposals already underway in other countries.

Keywords: formation, psychothérapie, psychiatres, France, training, psychotherapy, psychiatrists, France

This article constructs a new history of the birth of psychiatry that of its visual culture, through the study of heretofore unpublished and neglected archives.The analysis of artworks commissioned by the first French psychiatrists at the beginning of the nineteenth century highlights, in an exceptional way, the recognition of subjectivation and autonomy of the mentally sick person, which is the inherent hope of psychiatry's initial project.The artists who fulfilled the first psychiatrists' commissions expressed this ideal, which was conveyed both by the humanist philanthropy of early psychiatry and by the artistic vocabulary of the nineteenth century. These works thus display both a search for subjective expression and for objectivity. Some artists recognized this subjectivity in the sick persons: either in their portrayals of the ill as autonomous individuals; in portraits of psychiatrists, which infer the presence of the sick persons under the scrutiny of the doctor; and in the asylum architecture that addressed itself to the sick individual's sensibility and cognition.

Keywords: histoire de la psychiatrie, archive iconographique, culture visuelle, France, dix-neuvième siècle, history of psychiatry, iconographic archive, visual culture, France, nineteenth century