Documents found
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241.More information
SummaryBy focusing on Femina Prize, this work takes into account the difficult commitment of the women writers to the French literary field in the xxth century. The Femina Prize has been chosen as the scene of conflicting tensions. If it was devoted to the recognition of the female gender, victim of exclusion, it is today subject to economic reality of the cultural industry which developped along the century. This work relates thus the history of this entity, its links with the female press of the beginning of the century, without hiding the crises and the difficulties which mark out its history. The enquiry comprising interviews with Femina prizewinners and jury members confirms through the answers the questionable condition of the women writers.
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The article questions the link between individuals and society and the ideas of psychological causality set out by Durkheim in Suicide, and puts them into historical perspective, considering previous readings and the critical revisionist perspective by Halb- wachs in 1930. First, we consider the ways in which Durkheim interpreted psychiatric theories which explained social facts through individual pathology. We then show that this Durkheimian construction involves the rejection of individual motive and replaces it by a different psychological interpretation which is based on socially determined unconscious mechanisms. We underline the fact that this theoretical construction had several difficulties even in relation to the empirical findings of the period and that it leads us to question the Durkheimian typology of suicide. Finally, we consider the way in which, some 30 years later, Halbwachs was able largely to resolve these difficulties by abandoning the theoretical axioms which Durkheim had placed at the heart of sociological analysis.
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247.More information
Marleen Van Peteghem : Interpreting pareil or how a relational adjective becomes an anaphoric device Pareil is a relational adjective, which expresses a relation of identity between two or more entities. Unlike même and différent, it does not give rise to referentially dependent interpretations. Nevertheless the arguments of the relation can be expressed in various ways, which allows us to distinguish three different uses of pareil: (i) pareil used with an overt item of comparison, taking the form of a PP introduced by the preposition à; (ii) an anaphorical use of pareil, in which one of the arguments of the relation is expressed in the preceding context, and finally (iii) an internal or reciprocal use of pareil, in which the different arguments are expressed by the plural NP pareil is predicated of. The aim of this contribution is to study the factors that bring about the latter two interpretations. It is shown that the anaphorical reading is the most frequent one and that it is the only one possible whenever pareil is used attributively preceding the noun. In these uses, pareil is very close to tel: both adjectives establish what could be called a generic anaphora. As for the reciprocal interpretation, it is made possible by the presence of a quantifier, which focalises the part structure of the referent of the NP. This quantifying element can be a determiner, a floating quantifier, an adverbial or even a durative copular verb such as rester. interpretations. It is shown that the anaphorical reading is the most frequent one and that it is the only one possible whenever pareil is used attributively preceding the noun. In these uses, pareil is very close to tel: both adjectives establish what could be called a generic anaphora. As for the reciprocal interpretation, it is made possible by the presence of a quantifier, which focalises the part structure of the referent of the NP. This quantifying element can be a determiner, a floating quantifier, an adverbial or even a durative copular verb such as rester.
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248.More information
Naoyo Furukawa, Elle est là qui pleure : construction à thème spatialement localisé This paper argues that sentences of the type Elle est là qui pleure represent a "spatially located theme" construction. Our analysis of the mechanism that produces this particular theme, consists crucially in the observation that the antecedent of the relative pronoun qui is not the subject Elle but, formally speaking, all the sequence that precedes it, that is, Elle est là ; in other words, the rôle of the relative pronoun qui in this construction resides in receiving a spatially located entity semantically from the sequence Elle est là and thematizing it.
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Martin Rlegel: Tel adjectif. Grammaire d'une variable de caractérisation When used as a pronominal adjective, tel has the typical distribution of a "qualifying" adjective ("adjectif qualificatif") and is interpreted as a variable referring to the general notion of a "characteristic". This variable is turned into a constant, a specific characteristic, by the context. We describe how syntactic forms (relative, consequential and paratactic correlations) and textual mechanisms (anaphoric, cataphoric and deictic expressions) contribute to the discursive satisfaction of this kind of variable.
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Abstract : The legacy from the Church to the Empire, then its hostility to any temporal decision which could have reduced its spiritual power shaped new forms at traditional anticlericalism inherited from the Middle Age and the Enlightenment. From the most elaborate to the most simple, from the most classical to the most original, every pattern of culture was affected including the republican trends. These aspects of anticlericalism assumed a key role in the decline of religious practice and of the place of the clergy in French society. Republicanism and anticlericalism were intimately linked but the Union Sacrée and the presence of clergymen on the battlefields reduced the anticlerical character of the republican culture.