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254.More information
Paul Alexis — considered the most loyal friend and disciple of Zola - contributed largely to the diffusion of naturalism thanks to his numerous chronicles scatterd in the journals of the time. The most famous ones are in «Cri du Peuple» (1883-1888), for which Alexis used the zolaesque pseudonym «Trublot, » borrowed from Pot-Bouille. In these pages he staunchly advocates for the principles of naturalism in poetry but, in a curious contrast, he does so by unorthodox means, which sometimes border on hoax and blur the line between real and fictional, between serious and comical, between raw documentation and artifice. The idea of mimesis and transparency in naturalist writing, extolled in Alexis' discourse, is therefore broached through a formal fabrication, which owes a lot to romantic practices and to the techniques of the «industrial» novel. The ques- tion then is: Would the journal - less legitimate and at the margins of literature - authorize a freer outlook on the constraining principles of theory? Would it also authorize a more playful form of dispute, which would bring Alexis closer to his friends from Médan and also to those transgressive innovators who used the journal to start a poetic revolution (the group «Chat Noir, » the Hydropates) ?
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256.More information
AbstractThe vibrant development of the small press at the end of the July Monarchy and during the Second Empire produced a rich corpus of historic journalism's self-representation awaiting dissection. Drawing upon physiologies, biography, didactic genres, this diverse textuality achieved a certain literary and informational legitimacy by successfully generating a complicit readership. The bibliographic excursion proposed here through these highly ironic texts shows society's fascination with a press largely characterized by satire, parody and apology, while vying for approval and hijacking literary forms.
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258.More information
This article seeks to understand the representations of soap as an object in 19th-century French realist and naturalist literature through the newly acquired hygienic concepts of cleanliness. At the crossroads between medicine and literature, soap is contextualised as an object firmly anchored in the triviality of everyday life: the ritual of the toilette, the cleaning of the body, and more particularly here, the female body. Looking at the character’s hygienic practices and representations of hygiene precepts in literature is to study the details which become, as such, the signs of intimacy and to uncover a hidden history. Drawing from material culture, it has been possible to highlight how the texts can both be the echo chambers of the medical discourse on hygiene while at the same time exceed and reflect a social and literary reality.
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