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35.More information
The Product's Liability Act of 7th June 1989 expresses first the will of Denmark to adopt quickly a text, which is in accordance with the EEC-directive of 25th July 1985. Then this Act must be considered in a larger perspective, namely that of the necessary stabilization of the main éléments of that liability. This evolution has been made easier by the graduai affirmation of the objective liability. However specific laws apply, for example, to nuclear damages, and jurisprudence, which is prior to the Act of 1989, is still applying to development damages. The main difficulty lay in the conciliation between the respective interests of consumers, producers and insurance com-panies. In France, where law divides into stricter categories than in Denmark, the gestation of the bill has been slowed down by diverse pressures, which does not hinder that jurisprudence sometimes goes ahead.
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36.More information
Literary criticism took a variable place in the daily newspapers of the XIXth century. At the opposite of the dramatic «feuilleton», it did not have a regular periodicity and it was spread about several columns (bibliography, «feuilleton», miscellanies, «nouvelles à la main», etc.) and signed by different persons. In fact, the critical text is built in the meeting of pieces, day after day, page after page, depending on the time and the daily newspapers. The changes in the newspapers at the end of the century and the birth of literary interview deeply altered its statute. Quite entirely pushed away from daily newspapers, criticism found a new place in reviews or in supplements created by the press. This specialisation allowed it to become an autonomous genre. But the disappearance of critical writings weakened the vocation of daily newspapers as it had been defined during the century, when literary criticism and democracy were linked together.
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40.More information
Zola makes his debut while working as a journalist; he is at the same time submitted to the press barons' demand and starts up a theoretical reflection on literature, its values and its consumption. Writing columns allows him to tackle any subject matter and is useful for a conception of literature which is not at all systematic and depends above all on temperament - the foundation of Zola's developing aesthetism. His analysis of the literary fieId and of the writer's status also shows the building up of a writing ethic which either clamours angrily (Mes Haines, 1866) or is expressed in a light and extremely brilliant chronicle which conceals a theoretic intention.