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The study of cultural scenes in the early 1990s has rapidly been assimilated to the field of popular music studies, in an attempt to find an alternative to the notions of counter-culture and subculture. The polysemy and plasticity of the term have given way to often disparate efforts at thematizing the sonority or «  sound  » of a city. Whereas sound does provide rhythm and effervescence to urbanity, doesn't images also provide, beyond a mere decor, a proper life to, and embodiement of, the city  ? This article provides a reflection on the concept of scene from the somewhat neglected angle of the visual culture studies. How does images become performative, and come to stage in forming a cultural overproduction  ? How does the circulation of images generate new experiences of sociality  ? Taking examples from street art and calligraffiti in Montreal – together with echoes in Paris, Beyruth and Tunis. As an articulation of the local, the translocal and of the virtual, these emergent practices allow us to understand how the circulation and visibility of images can generate new political and cultural codes and stakes, in the new contemporary context of cultural heterogeneity, artistic hybridization and social controversies.

Keywords: Scène culturelle locale et translocale, image, visibilité, circulation, culture numérique, Street art, calligraffiti, local transcultural scene, translocal images, visibility, circulation, digital culture, street art, calligraffiti, Escena cultural y trans-local, imagen, visibilidad, circulación, cultura numérica, arte de la calle, caligraffiti

This article presents an analysis of results of a study commissioned by the Ministère de l'Immigration, de la Diversité et de l'Inclusion (Québec) regarding needs arising from the requests by denominational religious institutions for cemetery land allotted to persons of Islamic faith or culture in Quebec. We do not offer a scientific hypothesis. Rather, we propose, to look at places of burial as markers of temporality and integration. The results of the study indicate, among other things, a process of negotiation of religious norms on the part of Muslims so as to support those in mourning. Finally, we emphasize the urgent need for serious consideration of islamophobia as it is actually experienced, along with the necessity of dealing with the issue of the places of burial from the standpoint of active citizenship and equality.

Keywords: Musulmans, sépulture, islamophobie, citoyenneté, laïcité, Muslims, burial, islamophobia, citizenship, secularism

Russia's scepticism towards the Arab uprisings could have led to renewed estrangement between Russia and the Middle East, comparable to the situation after the invasion of Afghanistan and the fall of the ussr. Instead, the Syrian crisis, after the setback in Libya, has given Russia the opportunity to play a central role. Obviously, this reflects an evolution in Russia's conception of its own territorial security. Since the beginning of the conflict, Moscow has claimed to be defending the state rather than the regime. This explains the widened acceptance of the word “terrorism.” For Moscow, disintegration of the state paves the way for transnational jihad that has already threatened Russia both within its borders (Chechnya) and without (Afghanistan).

Keywords: Russie, territoire, réseaux, eurasisme, géopolitique, Moyen-Orient, Russia, territory, networks, Eurasianism, geopolitics, Middle East, Rusia, territorio, redes, eurasismo, geopolítica, Oriente Medio

This article analyzes the security challenges of conflicts in the Middle East and their impact on Iranian-Turkish relations, which are marked by differences over the issue of regional security based on divergent perceptions of national security, especially since the Syrian conflict. This study shows that shifting power relationships in the Middle East have created new security issues with political, military, economic and societal ramifications. On the one hand, the Middle East is facing a new form of struggle between regional powers—particularly Saudi Arabia, Iran and Turkey—and on the other, it is confronted with the activities of non-state actors involved in the war in Syria and Iraq. This new balance of power has created a security dilemma as the crises and conflicts in Iraq, Syria, and Yemen provoke a situation of chaos.

Keywords: Crises et conflits au Moyen-Orient, Turquie, Iran, sécurité, Crises and conflicts in the Middle East, Turkey, Iran, security, Crisis y conflictos en Oriente Medio, Turquía, Irán, seguridad

Keywords: Cartographie littéraire, géographie in situ, traversée orientée, Jean-Claude Izzo, Marseille

In late January of 2017, a Québec City-born deranged young man walked into the town's Great Mosque on Sunday evening during a prayer meeting and opened fire on the group of praying men gathered in the main hall, killing six (6), injuring five (5) of them and leaving thirty-five (35) later “rescued” people—men, women and children—behind, in a state of total shock, a municipal first in that quiet, peaceful city's history.The lone gunman's act was targeting a specific cultural community, attacking them in their religious identity and even reaching them in their sense of security and well-being.Psychological crisis intervention was quickly organized following the ordeal and through, notably, the rapid intervention of a same culture, same language psychologist. The identified preliminary general crisis picture was then one of “adaptive stress” along with its transitory symptoms and of” exceeded stress” with its unrelated symptoms and carrying the risk of a build-up resulting in the display of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. A number of survivors also showed signs of “traumatic mourning,” painfully worsened by the burden of having to organize the sending (repatriation) of their deceased loved ones' remains back to their homeland.The “native” psychologist began setting up the therapy sessions in the victims' homes for the first few days, first in the form of using the” defusing” approach during family group meetings and then followed, over the course of the following weeks, by the use of targeted techniques known as” debriefing,” including a psychological assessment of the event, also using psychodynamic means. As for children, their candid expression of feelings through drawing was privileged and as is usually recommended in such circumstances. And beyond the fifteen (15) day therapy period and in accordance with the recommendations of the Order of Quebec psychologists, victims were then offered private sessions at the psychologist's office.Three (3) months following the attack, two thirds (2/3) of the victims were progressively coming out of their trauma-related state of mind either without any aftereffect or, for some, only minor ones. For others showing some various degrees of sleep disorders such as recurring nightmares and “going out” phobia, they had actually” reactivated” their original symptoms in reaction to and triggered by inconsiderate social acts committed in their behalf by some local hostile individuals.Marked improvements were gradually noticeable within the targeted community through encouragement to verbalize their traumatic experience, psychologically identified as “illogical” and in so trying to help them see it as having some form of” meaning.”One year following the attack, many victims experiment a gradual return to normal functioning levels. Culture and religion act as protective factors, with “faith” being the ultimate contributor to resilience. Group solidarity, as well as social and political support have also helped to ease some of the victims' pain.We also address the judicial process that gave the victims the much-needed opportunity to express and share their feelings and reactions about the traumatic experience.Recommendations are finally made to use as much as possible a professional of the same culture in the context of the trauma; or to be supervised by the latter to acquire a better knowledge of the culture; or to simply investigate the socio-cultural context and religion of the victims, if these are closely related to the context of mourning and their conception of death.

Keywords: attentat, stress post-traumatique, verbalisation du trauma, résilience, dimension socioculturelle, mass murder attempt, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma verbalization, resilience, socio-cultural dimension

This article aims to highlight the contradiction between the fact that the Convention on the Rights of the Child is supposed to be addressed to all those able to understand it (“à tout entendeur”; Cornu, 2005, p. 227-228) and yet the editorial constraints to which the text was submitted (De Saint Robert, 2013), make it difficult to interpret for the reader who is not a specialist of Onusian speak. This is why Arab citizens find the Convention difficult to appropriate, even though the translation is considered an authentic international juridical instrument with a universal vocation, in accordance with the principle of equal authenticity of the translated text (Sauron, 2009). At a formal level, we note that the tendency to standardize the phraseology and the terminology by a process of superposition of the translated versions with the original texts written in English and French—in order to respect the neutrality of a UN discourse—contributes to creating a style that marks a stark contrast with language habits and lexicon of native speakers. At a conceptual level, we note a referential shift caused by some denominative options which, in the field of juridical systems and practices specific to the Arab world, refer to standards and principles of law which could be very different from international law.

Keywords: enfant, droit international, droit musulman, traductologie, traduction, child, international law, Arab and Islamic Law, translation studies, translation

The article offers a critical review of the book edited by Pascale Pellerin analyzing how references to the European Enlightenment have been incorporated into Arab Spring narratives in support of a new demand of collective autonomy.

Keywords: Rousseau, transferts culturels, Lumières, nations, décolonisation, indépendance, Rousseau, cultural transfers, Enlightenment, nations, decolonization, independence

Keywords: Attractivité, territoire, destination, événement, développement, station balnéaire