Search Results

This paper draws the portrait of informal corn cob street vending in Greater Paris, showing that part of this activity contributes to the silent relocation of the urban food system in the working-class neighborhoods of the metropolis. By approaching it through the lens of workers' narratives and not only through the geography of the food, it was possible to show the driving force of daily subsistence efforts in the renewal of the city from its margins. However, street vending must confront the internal contradictions of the sustainable city model: while there has never been so much discourses about reducing the ecological footprint of city food through the relocalization of supplies, the urban renewal of working-class neighborhoods reduces the possibilities for grass-roots systems that build bridges with the neighboring countryside.

Keywords: système alimentaire urbain, travail invisible, vente de rue, informalité, urban food system, invisible work, street vending, informality

Keywords: altérité musicale, collaborations, musicologies francophones, traductions, Tunisie, collaboration, Francophone musicologies, musical otherness, translations, Tunisia

Existing sanitary waste landfills challenge urban sustainable development in metropolitan areas as “local translations of the global.” Even though they create real sanitary and environmental issues, infrastructures are also involved in territorial development projects. This paper argues that environmental justice is a useful framework for tackling problems of global and local metropolitan governance. I suggest that waste as a public problem opens up multiple environmental dilemmas. Depending on the context they are reasoning in, metropolitan decision-makers are led to make choices between values of nearly equal importance for urban life (health, quality of life, access to urban services). Then, the paper explores how environmental justice, social justice, and spatial justice provides a helpful normative framework to answer the questions that those dilemmas open. However, this framework can be refined to capture metropolitan complexity and shift the scope from spaces of action to practices of actors. The paper is based on fieldwork in Montréal (Complexe Environnemental Saint-Michel, ex-quarry Miron) and Buenos Aires (Villa Dominico).

If it is difficult, if not impossible, to define francophone literature as a precise litterary field, we must nonetheless recognize the existence of a francophone literary system, which is determined by instances both of production on the part of the peripheral areas and of reception on that of the centre. According to the position they occupy in the margins, authors choose different rhetorical strategies which, in turn, determine the way they are received by Paris (assimilated or considered as exotic). The rhetoric of identity seems, in this case, to be an effective strategy as well as a condition of recognition by the centre, whose demand for exotic productions on the part of certain peripheral areas seems quite great.

In Édouard Glissant's novels, La Lézarde [The Ripening] and Le Quatrième Siècle [The Fourth Century], the enunciative instance is triptych : it is monological, dialogic, and polyphonic. The variation of enunciative modalities is due to the historicized novelistic discourse specific to Caribbean literature. To free himself from a long silence that has weighed heavily on his people since the diaspora, the slave trade and the conquests, Glissant opted for the mediation of the voice through writing. This article analyzes enunciation as a verbal and memorial exercise/individual and collective, in order to face amnesia, while dissecting the narrative, actorial, and postural devices on which the discursive strategy rests.

Keywords: mémoire collective, silence, énonciation, Histoire, écriture, Édouard Glissant, collective memory, silence, enunciation, History, writing, Édouard Glissant

Whereas the figure of the mother is abject, if we are to believe her propensity to imprison her offspring in a deadly dyad, this also sometimes has an effect on another side of the family triangle: the father. Removed from his functions, a rapist or all-powerful, the father sins by providing either “too little” (absence, indifference) or “too much” (abuse of authority, incest), to adopt the terms used by Lori Saint-Martin. To define the effects of his deficiency, the present article will examine four pairs of films and texts on the figure of the father, a figure often avoided before these family stories begin. Through a discussion of Littoral (Mouawad 1999 ; 2004); Le sexe des étoiles (Proulx 1987 ; Baillargeon 1993) ; The Little Girl Who Was Too Fond of Matches (Soucy 1998 ; Lavoie 2017) and C'est le coeur qui meurt en dernier (Lalonde 2013 ; Durand-Brault 2017), the article will examine different strata of filmic narrative short of or beyond what is offered by hypotexts and identify the contours of the deficient father and their effects on the narrator's identity.

The problematics of ethics and law as they relate to music revolve around concepts such as work, author, property, and use that seem distant from the ethical parameters of many musical traditions. This article explores these parameters by examining classical discourses associated with different Asian cultures and sheds light on them by means of telling anecdotes on the behaviours, attitudes, and ways of thinking of those who preserve musical knowledge. Moral and personal dispositions, or èthos, function as the foundation of ethos, that is, of an ethics ideally required by Tradition to guarantee the successful transmission of musical culture. This model, however, has been challenged in the modern era, on the one hand because of a slippage of authenticity from object towards the subject, and on the other hand because of the impersonal mode of transmission in mass media.

Environmental policies in the Sahel are characterized, among other things, by the historical permanence of reforestation operations. Beyond the diversity of practices, models, and actors behind them, a certain number of discursive and political constants associated with the fight against desertification can be observed from the colonial period to the current era of global change. This article takes a geographical and critical look at the politics of trees and at the ritualized practices and representations underlying these politics. It shows the difficulty of reconciling the divergent uses of semi-arid forests in the Sahel and, in particular, the growing competition between the physical exploitation of trees by local populations and the symbolic valorisation of planted trees by numerous external actors.

Keywords: Reboisement, forêts, zones semi-arides, ressource naturelle, Sahel, Grande muraille verte, Reforestation, forests, semi-arid areas, natural resource, Sahel, Great Green Wall, Reforestación, bosques, zonas semiáridas, recurso natural, el Sahel, Gran muralla verde

Conceived in 1911, created in 1922 in Marseille, and then institutionalized within the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) in 1948, Silva Mediterranea is an international cooperation organization of foresters and botanists. From the beginning of the twentieth century to present day, Silva Mediterranea has defended the specific existence of a Mediterranean forest and region and their recognition on the national and international level, taking into account their singularity when implementing forest management policies. Up until the 70s, these postulates had not been easily accepted: which infrastructure to put in place has been the object of debate between ecological balances and socio-economic constraints, universal models and regional specificities, and productivist silviculture and forest restoration.

Keywords: Silva Mediterranea, coopération internationale, sylviculture productiviste, École de Nîmes, sylviculture « alternative », forêt méditerranéenne, Silva Mediterranea, international cooperation, productivist silviculture, École de Nîmes, “alternative” silviculture, Mediterranean forest, Silva Mediterránea, cooperación internacional, Silvicultura productivista, Escuela de Nimes, silvicultura «alternativa», selva mediterránea