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Countless studies have been done in Western countries on landscape, be they about its materiality, social representations, or the public policies to which it is the object. In contrast, other than their material dimensions, the social representations of the landscape, have been much less studied in the Southern countries, while landscape policies are virtually non-existent, and thus so are studies about them. Nevertheless, the western concept of “landscape” is infiltrating the countries in different ways, with the current development of an International Convention of the Landscape, modeled on the European Convention of Landscape (Florence, 2000), process that has not been studied yet. That is what leads us to question about the ways landscape can exist in the Southern countries as an object of public policies. In this article, we ask what landscape means through the prism of its institutionalization in the Southern countries, where cultures are often very different from those of Western countries. To address this question, we use an approach that considers landscape as a complex of interrelated dimensions, including material, ideal (representations) and Political (the dimension of the action). This reflection will lead us to propose research paths dealing with the implications of transferring this model.

Keywords: paysage, pays du Sud, représentations sociales, politiques publiques, approche langagière du paysage, landscape, Southern countries, social representations, public policies, landscape approach through language

Although the general principles of the flood prevention policy in France seem to be broadly accepted, the performance of the systems in place is often disappointing. We put forward the hypothesis that this operational inefficiency is partially explained by the presence, amidst a robust and uncontested flood prevention policy, of unmovable areas of potential conceptual debates unconsciously hidden. Any innovative idea must be buttressed by a broad enough expertise to validate its compatibility with the existing doctrine whilst assuring technical compatibility with it. The analyse of what happened in the case of hydrogeomorphology, shows the success of a strategy used to facilitate the incorporation of a naturalist technical method into a body of doctrine solidly anchored in an culture of science and engineering but also inhibiting any potential theoretical developments which could have, trough discourse, given impetus to the development of the theoretical aspects of natural disaster prevention in France. Paradoxically, the felicitous conditions at the emergence of hydrogeomorphology are not present anymore despite the increased volume of reflexion generated by the application of the Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks.

Keywords: Modélisation, hydrogéomorphologie, responsabilité, aléa-centré, enjeux-centré, Modeling, hydrogeomorphology, responsibility, hazard-centered, issues-centered

In the nineteenth century, the word vulnerability, when applied to forest, did not exist yet. Nevertheless, the notion of vulnerability to fire of the Provence forests was in the making. At the time, a new economic and technical context of the exploitation of cork and pine resin was emerging, and the paper clarifies why and how fires were regarded from then on as “disasters”. This new perception paved the way for the creation of interest pressure groups led by Charles de Ribbe and Henri Faré. They lobbied in order to obtain the elaboration and implementation of public policies and the recognition of a regional specificity of the Maures and the Esterel ranges, which were called “the region of fires” at the time. In the liberal and scientific context of the late nineteenth century, what was the meaning of vulnerability ? Who shaped this new discourse ? What types of policies and regulations were proposed ? Were they successful ?

Keywords: incendies de forêt, vulnérabilité environnementale, Provence, liège, catastrophe environnementale, Charles de Ribbe, Henri Faré, forest fires, environmental vulnerability, Provence, cork, environmental disaster, Charles de Ribbe, Henri Faré

This article seeks to shed light on the extent of stakeholders' participation in the development of LUP (land-use plan) in Algeria on the progress of the participation of social actors (elected, resident citizens, administered) and the reasons for its misuse. In order to understand this matter, two LUP studies in two municipal agglomerations of the Wilaya (prefecture) of Oran, Oued Tlélat and Chehaïria, will address, upstream and throughout their development, the degree of commitment of the stakeholders in the participatory process. The adopted approach is based on action research. The survey takes shape around a participant and active observation, and interviews carried out with the relevant actors. This contribution was able to show the existence of a complex bundle of power relations between social actors, which is marked by the disparity of struggles and tensions due to inequalities in speaking up skills. Also, as the broad meaning of negotiation and consultation between the stakeholders, it is often a question, in order to assert opinions on the choices of urban development, and deal with the intransigence of common issues, to engage their divergent personal interests with multiple values. Finally, lines for potential adjustments to the participatory mechanism have been identified to stimulate and improve the development of LUPs in Algeria.

Keywords: POS, participation, planification urbaine, aménagement, acteurs, Algérie, Oran, LUP, participation, urban planning, planning, Algeria, Oran

In this article, the author outlines the various immigration policies, restrictive and negative, which have been developed in the various States members of the European Union. He examines the migration movements which have been observed between 1973 and 1993, the countries from which the immigrants came from and the countries to which they were asking asylum. It appears quite difficult to properly assess the actual number of immigrants in those countries, as the illegal immigration, because of the lack of control, tends to throw off the numbers with respect to immigrants.