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ABSTRACTThe authors, an ethnopsychoanalyst and a childcare worker, use their detailed clinical observations to offer a socio-anthropological and theoretical-clinical analysis of a multifacetted intervention with an African family entangled in numerous conflicts. They describe the necessary conditions for development of an ad hoc ethnopsychiatrie team and the strategies implemented to achieve optimally effective results through such joint effort. They conclude with a theoretical discussion on the operational concept of community ethnopsychiatry.

Keywords: mise en tourisme, sémantique, déconstruction, épistémologie, destination urbaine

Research Framework : Many authors prefer to focus on the acrimonious relationship that exists between children and the city. This narrative is given as a story of eviction, particularly in the latter half of the 20th century, and the ubiquitous arrival of motorized traffic ; a phenomenon that has only accelerated over time. It is a radical separation between a before, which represents a golden age for children where the city revolved around them, and an after were children are represented as being shut in at home, forbidden from playing in the street and connected to the world via their smartphones and tablets. Despite this alarmist discourse, it is important to remember that children and adolescents continue to explore and socialize within their cities regardless of whether they are not (or are no longer) in the majority. Objectives : This introductory article to “Exploring the City : Children and Adolescents' Relationship with Public Spaces” is designed to present the state of research as well as paths of reflection and innovative actions on how children and adolescents experience the city, the way they act and how they are influenced by contemporary spaces. Methodology : The introductory article is based on a review of work done in the fields of anthropology, history, geography, architecture and urban studies, all of which discuss the relationship between urban spaces and children and adolescents. This analysis is juxtaposed by ongoing projects that ask the opinions of youths to establish a consensus-building approach to urbanism and urban redevelopment in cities, metropolises and megacities. Results : By including all age groups (children and adolescents) as well as the types of spaces that are generally kept separate, the articles presented herein ask us to consider several important aspects including : the presence of youths in urban spaces, the standardization, regulation and gamification of certain public spaces ; the appeal of closed spaces (interiors, shopping centres) and their appropriation ; the practise of physical activities ; autonomous mobility ; the interest in digital media and familial injunctions to assess the influence of parents and siblings on the relationships that young people have with the city.Conclusions : This article focuses on the necessity of taking an intersectional approach that considers a broad range of variables including gender, age and socio-geographical origin, race in particular, to analyze the relationships between children and adolescents and public spaces. Here we reveal the importance of the passage between interior spaces (homes, schools, youth homes, recreational centres, etc.) and exterior spaces, whether the exploration of streets, parks, gardens and shopping malls remains possible as well studying the relations and tension that exist between families and children, between youths and the managers of these spaces, between youths with and without adult supervision and between youths and adult users of public spaces as both actors and witnesses.Contribution: This article takes a look at the societal and anthropological issues that affect the relationship between public spaces and children and teens in over a dozen cities located in Europe, North America, Northern Africa and the Middle East. It identifies paths of exploration and paths of implementation on this topic.

Keywords: adolescent, aires de jeux, appropriation, autonomie, enfant, espace public, ludification, rue, trajectoires urbaines, ville, adolescent, playgrounds, appropriation, autonomy, public space, gamification, street, urban trajectories, city

Research Framework: Many authors prefer to focus on the acrimonious relationship that exists between children and the city. This narrative is given as a story of eviction, particularly in the latter half of the 20th century, and the ubiquitous arrival of motorized traffic ; a phenomenon that has only accelerated over time. It is a radical separation between a before, which represents a golden age for children where the city revolved around them, and an after were children are represented as being shut in at home, forbidden from playing in the street and connected to the world via their smartphones and tablets. Despite this alarmist discourse, it is important to remember that children and teenagers continue to explore and socialize within their cities regardless of whether they are not (or are no longer) in the majority. Objectives : This introductory article to “Exploring the City : Children and Teenagers' Relationship with Public Spaces” is designed to present the state of research as well as paths of reflection and innovative actions on how children and teenagers experience the city, the way they act and how they are influenced by contemporary spaces. Methodology : The introductory article is based on a review of work done in the fields of anthropology, history, geography, architecture and urban studies, all of which discuss the relationship between urban spaces and children and teenagers. This analysis is juxtaposed by ongoing projects that ask the opinions of youths to establish a consensus-building approach to urbanism and urban redevelopment in cities, metropolises and megacities. Results : By including all age groups (children and teenagers) as well as the types of spaces that are generally kept separate, the articles presented herein ask us to consider several important aspects including : the presence of youths in urban spaces, the standardization, regulation and gamification of certain public spaces ; the appeal of closed spaces (interiors, shopping centres) and their appropriation ; the practise of physical activities ; autonomous mobility ; the interest in digital media and familial injunctions to assess the influence of parents and siblings on the relationships that young people have with the city.Conclusions : This article focuses on the necessity of taking an intersectional approach that considers a broad range of variables including gender, age and socio-geographical origin, race in particular, to analyze the relationships between children and teenagers and public spaces. Here we reveal the importance of the passage between interior spaces (homes, schools, youth homes, recreational centres, etc.) and exterior spaces, whether the exploration of streets, parks, gardens and shopping malls remains possible as well studying the relations and tension that exist between families and children, between youths and the managers of these spaces, between youths with and without adult supervision and between youths and adult users of public spaces as both actors and witnesses.Contribution: This article takes a look at the societal and anthropological issues that affect the relationship between public spaces and children and teens in over a dozen cities located in Europe, North America, Northern Africa and the Middle East. It identifies paths of exploration and paths of implementation on this topic.

Keywords: adolescent, aires de jeux, appropriation, autonomie, enfant, espace public, ludification, rue, trajectoires urbaines, ville, adolescent, playgrounds, appropriation, autonomy, public space, gamification, street, urban trajectories, city

Research framework: Cycling practices are underpinned by considerable environmental, health and economic challenges. Despite this, teenage girls seem to be cycling far less.Objectives: This article studies the extent to which this is the result of a gendered inequality when it comes to the opportunity to move freely within public spaces.Methodology: We conducted a dispositionalist analysis based on observation campaigns (direct experimentation and observation) and formal semi-directive interviews conducted with 43 boys and 39 girls aged 17 to 18, as well as 26 of their parents, in the varied environments of Montpellier and Strasbourg.Results: The results indicate that adolescence tends to be a period of incorporation and reinforcement of gendered dispositions toward free movement within public spaces and that this period is particularly restrictive for girls. The social injunctions of this group appears to contribute to a strengthening of their fear of travelling alone, a fear of venturing from home and a fear of public spaces which considerably limits the possibilities of engaging in forms of solitary, adventurous, improvised and “occupying” bicycle practices. This observation appears to be exactly the opposite however when it comes to boys.Conclusions: By explaining many observable variations within each gender category and including socio-economic and residential backgrounds as well as context, we illustrate that cycling deserves to be analyzed as a distinct practice that is gendered, social and spatial.Contribution: By taking a dispositionalist sociological approach, we reveal the (re)production of gender roles and the (re)production of inequalities of potential mobility to illustrate that cycling is a fully social fact.

Keywords: adolescence, vélo, mobilité, activité physique, socialisation, genre, pratique éducative, adolescence, bicycle, mobility, physical activities, socialization, gender, educational practices

Although Human Resources Management (HRM) examines the issue of people at work and their management from the angle of how best to serve an organization's performance, occupational health issues are still a blind spot in its research. Following the lead of Chakor, Abord de Chatillon, and Bachelard (2015 2 ) in their review of occupational health and safety research, we attempted to find out how scientific managerial approaches are constructed and how researchers in HRM position themselves with regard to occupational health. A sizeable corpus of texts - which were selected from three sources that were identified as representative of the management sub-discipline that is HRM - were subjected to both thematic content and descriptive statistical analyzes. We demonstrated the gradual empowerment of HRM researchers by building a managerial corpus for workplace health and we identified the salient features that characterize occupational health research in HRM in terms of research objects, methodologies, interdisciplinarity, and stances. This article concludes with a proposed research agenda for HRM scholars working on occupational health.

Keywords: gestion des ressources humaines, management, santé, travail, interdisciplinarité, human resources management, management, health, work, interdisciplinarity, gestión de recursos humanos, gestión, salud, trabajo, interdisciplinariedad

The migration of Filipino parents to France triggers a family separation that ends when the migrant parent decides to return permanently to his country of birth or when his children formerly “left behind” come and join him in France. These children then become part of the “generation 1.5” - immigrants who spent part of their childhood or adolescence in their country of origin and part in their receiving country. How do these individuals with complex upbringings describe their relationships with their parents before and after family reunification? What role does their family, and more specifically their parents, play in their integration into the receiving society? This article examines the migratory path of the generation 1.5 of Filipino immigrants in France and their family experiences. Fieldwork in France shows that “left-behind” children maintain with their parents a long-distance relationship characterized by an emotional gap that only becomes apparent to them when they arrive in France. However, despite this effect of family separation, children of Filipino immigrants turn first to their parents and to their extended family to cope with the challenges posed by their immigration. At the same time as they develop their anchoring in France, these young migrants keep their emotional ties with their country of origin, a double anchoring that shows the specificity of this group among children of immigrants.

Keywords: Génération 1,5, migrant philippin, réunification familiale, insertion sociale, double ancrage, Generation 1.5, Filipino immigrants, family reunification, social integration, divided loyalties