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Based on the Parisian example, this article is part of the current scientific debate regarding the food contribution of urban collective gardens. Based on the proven existence of fruit and vegetable production in Parisian collective gardens, the article aims to examine the potential contribution of these spaces to the diet of their gardening users. It is based on a study conducted with collective garden managers, combined with manual analysis of aerial images of gardening sites and vacant spaces, as well as quantification of production rates of harvested volumes. The results obtained show that Parisian collective gardens do not meet the needs of their users in terms of fruits and vegetables. They are a limited help in improving the quantity of fruit and vegetables consumed per person. On the other hand, they contribute greatly to their dietary practices on a nutritional and social level by improving the diversity and quality of their diet while promoting social time around food. Their dietary role should therefore not be neglected in favor of other functions.

Keywords: Agriculture urbaine, jardins collectifs, fonction alimentaire, production alimentaire, télédétection, quantification, Paris, Urban Agriculture, Community Gardens, Nutritional Role, Food Production, Remote Sensing, Quantification, Paris

Children of God, Children of Sin : The Anthropology of Quebec Orphanages from 1900 to 1960

Our research focuses on governance in Africa in the context of a local public action network. Interest is given to collective decision-making with the participation of multiple stakeholders. We develop an integrative theoretical framework to identify the attributes of interested parties influencing collective decision-making, based on a literature review. In the empirical part, we operate a case study in three municipalities of the city of Algiers. Our results allow a redefinition of the attributes of the interested parties explaining their influences on the deliberations.

Keywords: Décision collective, gouvernance de réseau, parties prenantes, attributs, Collective decision, network governance, stakeholders, attributes, Decisión colectiva, gobernanza en red, partes interesadas, atributos

This article examines the genesis of Quebec studies in Spain: the various factors and driving forces which have played a key role in their development, the sites where they have become visible, and the degree of scientific enrichment they have contributed, whether it be at the teaching level or at the research level. This article touches on issues and research subjects that Spanish researchers have dealt with, and describes the various steps involved in building up this scientific field in Spain, the way in which a balance can be reached between memory, traditions and projects. We lay out the signs of maturity that have been observed, and then propose a series of ways that should continue to be paved in order to improve teaching, the communication within the area of Quebec studies, as well as the dialogue between Quebec studies and Canadian studies.

AbstractThis article is based on reflexions about the exile of Algerians living in Montreal from the 1990s onwards. These Algerians make up a specific population since they were all integrated into occupations before their departure and had no migration project. I aim to show the importance of professional integration for overcoming the ordeal of exile. On the one hand, the exiles' professional integration is characterized by deskilling (at least during the first years). On the other hand, two different ways of living this deskilling are observed: a “broken career” and an “immigrant career”. These two different pathways reveal the pressure the exiles are faced with when they seek to integrate into the job market in Montreal.

Keywords: Exil, migration, Algérie, Canada, déqualification, Exile, migration, Algeria, Canada, deskilling

This study of the urban vegetation of Toliara, city located in a semi-arid area in the Southwest of Madagascar, helps understand specific vegetation issues by exploring its typology and various functions, as well as its changes since the French colonial period. It also helps define those issues that are specific to a Southern city, first in a colonial context, then in a non-colonial one. The methodology is based on an in-situ field analysis (2016) combined with aerial (1949) and satellite remote sensing (2015).

Keywords: végétal en ville, ville du sud, modèle urbain colonial français, Toliara, Madagascar, urban vegetation, city of southern country, French colonial urban model, Toliara, Madagascar

Migration is often conceived and analyzed as a single and unidirectional movement, from a country of origin to another destination country. In fact, international migration trajectories are complex, often involving a series of returns to and from the home country before a long-term definitive move to the destination country. The potential role of short stays in the destination country in permanent migration is thus rarely addressed in the quantitative study of the determinants of international migration. Based on data collected as part of the “Migration between Africa and Europe” project, this study examines the effects of short-term stays on long-term migration, taking into account other known determinants of migration. The results, based on discrete-time survival analysis for the period 1951-2008/2009, indicate that short-term stays have a positive effect on long-term migration for the three flows considered, although this effect is much more important in the case of the Congolese than of the Ghanaian and Senegalese migrants in the study. The effect of short-stay migration also depends on the calendar year for Congolese migrants, while this interaction is not significant for their Senegalese and Ghanaian counterparts. We conclude that the context within the country of origin, as well as its evolution over time, can modify the relationship between short-term and long-term migration.

Keywords: Migration internationale, Courts séjours, Migration durable, Afrique, Europe, International migration, Short stay, Long-term migration, Africa, Europe