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Quebec hosts a large number of immigrants, and many of them fit as teachers in schools, mainly in Montreal. In their country of origin, they're trained to their culture's own way of conceiving and practicing evaluation, usually inspired by the French system that values the social selection and the sanctioning function of evaluation. As part of a collaborative research supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council in 2015-2017, we accompanied a group of foreign-trained secondary school teachers in a critical thinking about their recent integration in Montreal schools. Individual and group interviews with them but also with their professional partners have helped to understand the interactive process of the (re)building of their assessment of learning knowledge in this new context. If they adjust their ways of doing on local practices, their degree of adherence to the valuations related to the assessment is modulated according to the reactions of other members of their professional ecology.

Keywords: enseignants migrants, (re)construction du savoir-évaluer les apprentissages, processus sociaux, recherche collaborative, manières de faire opératoires en contexte, adhésion aux normes et valorisations, foreign-trained teachers, (re)building assessment of learning knowledge, social processes, collaborative research, operational ways of doing in context, adherence to standards and valuations, professores formados no estrangeiro, (re)construção do saber-avaliar as aprendizagens, processos sociais, investigação colaborativa, maneiras de fazer operatórias em contexto, adesão às normas e valorizações

The majority of urban and rural centres of Low-Loukkos basin (Northern Morocco) are generally located on the coast and coastal plains. Due to demographic and agricultural development, increase in water demand has led to pressure on groundwater resources. This situation has caused significant drops in groundwater level and may eventually lead to a deficit in the water balance of the aquifer, as well as a degradation of the freshwater quality by seawater intrusion. The study area of Rmel-Ouled Ogbane aquifers covers approximately 305 km2 and is located in Low-Loukkos basin to the south of the city of Larache. In order to improve the characterization of the aquifers, we chose to organize all data in standard formats stored in a digital HIS (Hydrogeological Information System) database. This HIS database presents a varied menu related to reservoir aquifers and water resources. Data have been obtained from different sources on different supports and have been processed and organized in a single database with spatial coordinates. A Visual Basic application has also been developed for a better use and management of this HIS database. Several thematic maps of the aquifers and hydrodynamic functioning of water resources have been produced to be exploited by decision makers. These products of HIS database allowed to update the water balance and to build a good conceptual model of the aquifers conducting to the development of a set of groundwater numerical simulation models consisting in a mathematical model in steady state and transient flows, and a pollutant transport model to simulate seawater intrusion in these aquifers.

Keywords: base de données SIH, Rmel-Oulad Ogbane, application Visual Basic, cartes thématiques, réservoirs aquifères, fonctionnements hydrodynamiques, bilan hydrique, modèle conceptuel, HIS database, Rmel-Oulad Ogbane, Visual Basic application, thematic maps, reservoir aquifers, hydrodynamic functioning, water balance, conceptual model

Keywords: Observation, Esclaves, Stéréotypes, Orientalisme

Few deny, nowadays, that European regions go 'abroad'. There are nonetheless substantial differences about the nature of the process, as well as its explanation, evaluation and prevision. Confronted with the complex interaction of the external policies pursued by various levels of power in Europe and the growth of the scientific literature on the topic, the first objective of the article is to provide an analytical grid : it is suggested here that the presentation of this literature could be usefully organized according to four models (neo-realist, international political economy, federal and post-modern). Building on the critical review and comparison of the main theoretical contributions presented in this manner, the article concludes on a number of epistemological and methodological remarks on the state of the discipline.

This article is a geopolitical analysis ofTurkey taking Zbignew Brzezinski'sbook The Grand Chessboard : American Primacy and its Geostrategic Imperativesas a starting point. In his book, Zbignew Brzezinski successively characterizes Turkey as a «first-class geopolitical pivot » and an « important geostrategic actor in the Eurasian Balkans region ». Those two characterizations are illustrated and thoroughly analysed here. Despite the disappearance of the URSS, Turkey is still an important geopolitical pivot. If its role as a guard of the Western worldfacing the big Northern power has evolved quite a bit, the redeployment towards the Middle East still grants Turkey a key position in the region. The term regional geostrategic actor is more controversial. Indeed, from the Balkans to Cyprus to Central Asia, Turkey is able to demonstrate its influence. But is it only a sporadic influence, exerted over well-defined spaces, or even a potential influence ? The case of Central Asia is a telling one here; in the early 1990's, Ankara had to switch from illusions to realism vis-à-vis the « Turkish world ». In addition, growing domestic issues such as the Kurdish problem, the sphere of influence of Islam in thepolitical System, the development ofa mafia, and the social and economic disparities, may undermine Turkey's external influence.