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Abstract“Pattern” occurs in French as an anglicism; however, its meaning and scope of application are more restricted than those of the English term. With few exceptions, there is no one word that could be used as a French equivalent (the “missing word”). As a result, the meanings of “pattern” will need to be translated in other ways. The challenge to the translator working from French is to recognize “pattern” (the «hidden word”) behind the French terms, and restore it as and where required in the target language. This paper gives equivalents of “pattern” found in context-matched French medical texts.

This study focuses on the analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation, temperature, and discharge indices in the wadi Mina watershed (6 048 km2) in the Algerian northwest during the period of 1979-2013.The application of the non-parametric test of Kruskal-Wallis on rainfall indices has revealed that the total annual rainfall and the maximum number of consecutive rainy days show a large spatial variability. The number of days with high discharge decreases from the north to the south of the basin. As for the Mann-Kendall test, it revealed a decreasing trend in total annual rainfall. On the other hand, the maximal and minimal temperatures significantly increased with time. It was the same for the sequences of consecutive dry days, rainfall intensities and extremely rainy days. Also, the frequency of days with high discharge has decreased, while that with low discharge has increased in the three wadis Mina, Haddad and El Abd. Finally, the decrease in rainfall and the increase in temperature have generated a decline in water resources.

Keywords: température, pluies, débits, oued Mina, Algérie, Kruskal-Wallis, tendance, Mann-Kendall, temperature, rainfall, discharge, wadi Mina, Algeria, Kruskal-Wallis, trend, Mann-Kendall

Keywords: Extrême droite, Politique québécoise, Mouvements sociaux, Démocratie, Populisme, Conspirationnisme, Radicalisation, Québec

This article focuses on four relatively early Italian and Spanish films treating “illegal” migrations across the Mediterranean: Imanol Uribe's Bwana (1996), Llorenç Soler's Saïd (1998), Vincenzo Marra's Tornando a casa (2001) and Marco Tullio Giordana's Quando sei nato non puoi più nasconderti (2005). The analysis predominantly looks at representations of the categories “space” and “place,” which refer both to the spatial structures of the films themselves and to the ideological structures through which the clandestines migrate. The focus of this investigation concentrates on the (border) places linked to “illegal” immigration and proposes four categories through which to understand the cinematic practice of locating irregular migration.

AbstractThis study concerns the impact of attending an ethnoreligious school on the ability to master French for Armenian, Muslim and Jewish students registered in French schools, in Secondary Four and Five. It builds on the research of Sercia (2004) that focused on the social integration of immigrant students. The measure of aptitude in French is composed of twelve items that cover the attitudes, behaviours, preferences and intentions of students. The analysis of data shows significant differences between the three groups on one or more of the variables, which leads the author to trace a unique portrait of each group that accounts for its particular situation.

Keywords: Français, école ethnoreligieuse, immigration, intégration, Québec, French, ethnoreligious school, immigration, integration, Quebec

AbstractIn recent years, the radical populist right in Western Europe developed a comprehensive ideological position. The central characteristics of this ideology are a strong emphasis on difference and on the defense of cultural particularity. Both are used to mobilize support against what the populist right sees as the twin threats to the survival of European culture and Western values: globalization and Islam. With this ideology, the populist right has appealed to a broad range of the electorate, which goes well beyond those groups objectively and subjectively most threatened by economic, social, and cultural modernization. Given the growing importance of cultural issues and particularly questions of collective identity in contemporary politics, the populist right is bound to continue to pose a considerable challenge to liberal democracies for the foreseeable future.

AbstractThis article presents the study of a « Street work » program addressing vulnerable youth of a borough of the city of Montreal. The article focuses on the effects of the program on the population served. The combination of qualitative and quantitative methods has resulted in a rich research material as well as in the identification of two spheres of the social life of young people on which street work appears to have a significant effect: the development of a feeling of recognition and the exercise of citizenship. Moreover, the study provides a hint of the positive impact of the practice of street work, this impact being more significant in the case of girls. Finally, the characteristics of street work, the atypical nature of the latter and other related intervention strategies are discussed at different moments of this article.

Keywords: travail de rue, jeunesse, citoyenneté, reconnaissance, Montréal-Nord, street work, youth, citizenship, recognition, Montréal-Nord

AbstractThe study of the physical-chemical characteristics of groundwater of the Mzamza community, subjected to domestic and industrial wastes from Settat City (Morocco) via the Boummoussa river, shows that the quality of water of the various wells is variable and depends on a certain number of factors such as the location of the wells in relation to waste water and agricultural activity. The interpretation of analyzed data, the correlation between waste water and well water, and the distribution of groundwater sites into groups was carried out using Normalized Principal Components Analysis. The study revealed several sources of groundwater contamination, namely, the contamination by organic matter due primarily to the infiltration of waste waters used for irrigation, and the return of irrigation water (loaded with nitrate fertilizers), which is regarded as being the principal source of dissolved solids and inorganic nitrogen in the groundwater. Several factors influence the progression of this pollution: the concentrations of the pollutants in the waste waters, the nature of the soil, the lithology, the permeability of the aquifer in use and the depth of the water table. The results achieved in this study also revealed the paramount influence of seasonal variability and the beneficial role of atmospheric precipitation.

Keywords: Eaux usées, Eaux souterraines, Pollution, Mzamza, Maroc, Analyse en Composante Principale Normée, Waste waters, Groundwater, Pollution, Mzamza, Morocco, Normalized Principal Components Analysis

AbstractLong separated from their French origins, Cajuns and Creoles have more or less preserved their linguistic identity despite the pressures of Americanization after 1803. Since the creation of the Council for the Development of French in Louisiana in 1968, many researchers, including linguists, educators and teachers, have tried to develop new ways to teach French in this difficult environment. Regenerating the language by introducing standard French does not allow us to preserve the specific nature of French as it is spoken in Louisiana. We must therefore create and develop new educational methods based on an understanding of dialects and their evolution that recognizes the natural variability of Cajun and Creole French. Only this way will we be able to preserve Louisiana French and ensure the continuity of this mode of cultural expression.