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Through an analysis of francophone cultural development strategies adopted in Moncton and Sudbury, this article examines the applicability of the cultural clusters approach to mid-sized peripheral cities. To date, cultural cluster studies have focused on the experiences of very large metropolitan areas with the capacity to implement broad-scale strategies. These studies provide little information relevant to cultural development strategies in cities located outside major urban centers. Our research shows that cultural development in Moncton and Sudbury hinges on a number of factors, such as community mobilization, and proximity dynamics, factors that are not necessarily reflected in the current literature on cultural clusters. The findings indicate a number of similarities between the approaches used in these two mid-sized peripheral cities, with one significant difference: the development of the downtown area as a focal point for the city's cultural institutions and networks. The downtown core serves as a hub for Moncton's cultural scene but in Sudbury, the local cultural scene is more geographically dispersed. Our analysis finds that cultural development strategies in smaller peripheral cities differ significantly from those used in larger urban centers. The article concludes by arguing that the cultural cluster concept must be used in a flexible manner and include factors such as community mobilization and proximity relations if we are to better understand the dynamics of similar peripheral urban areas.

Keywords: Francophonie, ville, périphérie, grappe, culture, Moncton, Sudbury, Francophone community, city, peripheral regions, clusters, culture, Moncton, Sudbury, Francofonía, ciudad, periferia, aglomedrado, cultura, Moncton, Sudbury

AbstractThis article examines the reaction of the Canadian government to the Algerian war for independence from France from 1954 to 1962. It reveals that, while sympathetic to the ambitions of colonial peoples to determine their own national destinies, the Canadian government often judged colonial issues after the Second World War by the impact they had on the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, Canadian security interests and the Cold War. Given that the Algerian war threatened France's ability and willingness to contribute to NATO during this period the Canadian government felt compelled to support France's efforts to retain its North African colony both politically and militarily. Canadian officials wanted France's participation in NATO and were unwilling to antagonise France by opposing its Algerian policies. In this instance national security interests were of a higher priority for the Canadian government than support for the principle of national self-determination for colonial peoples.

Considered as the first social movement « documented by its own players », the Arab uprisings initiated in late 2010 have resulted in a profusion of images, shot with mobile phones and posted online. The amount of operators, their constancy and risk-taking in front of repression, and the declarations, repeated in the recordings, such as « It must be filmed ! », establish the act of filming as a crucial gesture, necessary to tell the world what is happening... and to state their own existence. Too often reduced to a « citizen journalism », this practice is not just dedicated to inform and serve different functions such as to allow the re-appropriation of representation. The « filming citizens » appear as struggling for the recognition of their collective and individual dignity.

Keywords: Riboni, printemps arabes, vidéo, mobilisations, image, révolte, réseaux sociaux, Égypte, Tunisie, Riboni, Arab Spring, Videoactivism, Images, Mobilisations, Social Networks, Egypt, Tunisia, Riboni, primavera árabe, vídeo, imágenes, movilizaciones, redes sociales, Egipto, Túnez

Nationalist policies and international politics inform the economic value and social capital attributed to varieties of Tamil taught as different heritage languages in Indian and Sri Lankan community schools and across French and English-medium public schools in Montreal, Quebec. In reimagining the local sociolinguistic division of labour between francophone and anglophone educational domains, Indian immigrants and Sri Lankan refugees pursue alternative sources of funding and institutional partnerships to implement two distinct heritage language education curricula in this city. Sri Lankans seek to preserve a literary style of Tamil to serve as a repository of their patrimony and validate claims of cultural authenticity, whereas Indians seek to modernize colloquial styles of Tamil that promise them access to new markets, facilitate speakers' mobility, and affirm their claims of global modernity. Articulating these different valuations of a minority language exposes the competitive and collaborative dynamics of neoliberalism.

Keywords: Das, division du travail sociolinguistique, enseignement des langues d'origine, tamoul, Québec, politique linguistique, néolibéralisme, idéologie linguistique, Das, Sociolinguistic Division of Labour, Heritage Language Education, Tamil, Quebec, Language Politics, Neoliberalism, Language Ideology, Das, división del trabajo sociolingüístico, enseñanza de las lenguas maternas, tamil, Quebec, política lingüística, neoliberalismo, ideología lingüística

Investigating gender relations in Algeria brought the author back to the place where she had spent her childhood, on the outskirts of Algiers, between 2014 and 2016. On this familiar ground, she did an ethnographic study on the movement of female bodies when leaving domestic spaces. Sharing gender constraints with the subjects of her study in the domestic space, as well as experiencing harassment outside the domestic spaces, set the conditions for her involvement as a researcher. This field practice allowed her to co-produce a situated, embodied knowledge that rendered forms of agency and of spatial and social resistance intelligible.

Keywords: Savoir situé, agentivité, motilité, vulnérabilité, implication, Situated knowledge, agency, movement, vulnerability, implication

Keywords: Écarts salariaux, discrimination, ségrégation occupationnelle, genre, catégories socioprofessionnelles

In the Mediterranean the environment is under pressure from agricultural and urban development, changes in agricultural practices and international markets, and climate change. Moreover, many studies show a steady increase in the agro-pastoral pressure and land degradation and their impacts on water resources and soil, and ultimately the lives of local people. But few studies address these issues across the inclusive scale of large river basins. The conference held at Tipaza in Algeria, from which come several papers published in the Journal of Water Science in 2013, was intended to reflect on the topics, methods and tools available to study the relationships among humans, the environment and sediment transport at this large scale, with the result expected to improve the potential for dialogue between researchers and developers who make decisions for regional macro surfaces. The topics discussed at the conference that appear in the articles published here concern the factors responsible for the variability of sediment transport: climate change and anthropogenic changes, such as agricultural activity and water projects; relationships between land-cover/land-use, rainfall-runoff processes and sediment transport; modeling of sediment transport; and the interest of a multi-scale approach, predominantly a spatial one, for addressing the geographical realities of large basins and scale transfer issues, particularly in Mediterranean and semi-arid areas.

Keywords: Mediterranean, humans, soil, erosion, solid transport, climate change, spatialization, GIS, Méditerranée, homme, sol, érosion, transport solide, changement climatique, spatialisation, SIG

How do residents of distinct regions of Quebec express their opinions on immigration? And what are the sources of such perceptions in each of these territorial contexts? This article explores these questions through an analysis of eight focus groups held in Montreal, on the North Shore of Montreal, and in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region in December 2017. We present two main conclusions. First, the discourse on immigration is much more negative in the suburbs of Montreal than in the Bas-Saint-Laurent or even in Montreal. Second, we interpret regional differences as the result of the relatively unique interaction between ethnocentrism and contact experiences in each of the territorial contexts.

Keywords:  immigration, opinion publique, Québec, régions, ethnocentrisme, contact, immigration, public opinion, Quebec, regions, ethnocentrism, contact

This article aims to analyze discrete forms of engagement between religious and educative domains. By studying the daily practices within female sociability networks located in working-class neighbourhoods, we show that women who have experienced migration can use the mutual aid bonds linked to subsistence work to engage language-learning educational activities. The analysis is based on a qualitative study conducted in the Orléans metropolis, on participant observations in a community association, and interviews with women taking part in the association's activities. With an anthropological approach to citizenship, this study allows to observe the daily expression of various forms of commitment, in particular through the organization of Arabic language courses, which expresses how those women reclaim respectability and discreetly resist stigmatization.

Keywords: citoyenneté, politique, sociabilités féminines, travail du care, religion, quartier populaire, citizenship, political, female sociability networks, care work, religion, neighbourhood