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As part of a research on the application of open science principles to the field of bioeconomy, we conducted a scientometric study of the scientific production of France in this field, for the period 2015 to 2019. The study identified 1,913 publications in the Scopus database. We analysed this corpus under different aspects: types and sources of documents, with volumetry and impact; authors, organisations and institutions; sources of funding; degree of internationality and openness (open access). The discussion focuses on the terminology and sources of such a scientometric study, on the accessibility of publications and on the position of France in this field. The conclusion proposes some recommendations for conducting a similar study, particularly for information professionals.

Keywords: bioeconomy, bioéconomie, open access, libre accès, open science, science ouverte, scientométrie, scientometrics

This article seeks to understand the impact of the discursive strategies used by the SOS Montfort coalition in the Franco-Ontarian media space during the crisis surrounding the closure of the Montfort Hospital between 1997 and 2002. By analyzing the province's main French-language regional newspapers, the author evaluates the mobilizing capacity of the nationalist discourse generated by the hospital's defenders through the prism of regionalisms in French Ontario. While SOS Montfort attempts to turn the hospital closure into a provincial and national crisis, Franco-Ontarians in other regions must deal with the real possibility of losing access to French-language health care as a result of the province-wide health services rationalization process. While SOS Montfort has succeeded in carving out the closure of Montfort as a major crisis in French Ontario, namely by tapping into the Franco-Ontarian referential imaginary, its inability to include regional issues in its discourse has limited its impact outside of Ottawa, where the hospital offers no services.

Keywords: Montfort, Ontario français, régionalismes, presse, Francophonie canadienne, nationalisme, militantisme, Montfort, French Ontario, regionalisms, press, Canadian Francophonie, nationalism, activism

The new patterns of Oran's metropolitan urbanization are manifested through urban sprawl and population decline of the central districts. This was stimulated by an increase in peri-urban real estate activity and land development which generated new dynamics: young adults are relocating from the city to suburban areas; the residential function is replacing central economic functions (businesses and services); and population is slowly and progressively aging. Our analysis will focus on the changes in population and migration patterns in the agglomeration of Oran (city centre and peri-urban areas) through urban sprawl caused by residential mobility and the ongoing mutation of the demographic composition and function of the central districts. Our work is based on data from five censuses (1966, 1977, 1987, 1998, and 2008) of the Algerian National Bureau of Statistics (ONS), studies from the Department of Urban Planning and Land Use (DTAP), and our field surveys.

Keywords: Déprise démographique, mobilités résidentielles, ville centre, périurbanisation, mutations fonctionnelles, Oran, Population decline, residential mobility, city centre, peri-urbanization, urban sprawl, functional mutations, Oran, Variación demográfica, movilidades residenciales, centro de la ciudad, urbanización periférica, mutaciones funcionales, Oran

The courts have remained the Holy Grail for Amazigh activists in Morocco who seek institutionalized legitimacy for Tamazight (« Berber ») and an end to language discrimination and Arabic dominance in administrations. There is no official state policy for handling legal affairs in the indigenous Tamazight language ; Arabic instead dominates legal matters. Yet as I argue in this article, the « state » is comprised of individual civil servants, including judges and clerks, many of whom do use regional Tamazight varieties in the course of their work, including the task of registering customary marriages through mobile courthouses, which I examine here as the result of fieldwork and interviews. Judges' language practices and ideologies merit our attention in any assessment of the political economy of language in Morocco, particularly given the high status and respect granted to these state representatives. Court personnel navigate political necessities according to local constraints and opportunities – including linguistic ones – and in so doing help shape the broader political economy of language in Morocco.

Keywords: Hoffman, économie de la langue, idéologies langagières, langue et droit, tribunaux, droits des peuples indigènes, genre, Amazight, Imazighen (Berbères), tamazight, Maroc, Hoffman, Political Economy of Language, Language Ideologies, Language and Law, Courts, Indigenous Rights, Gender, Amazight, Imazighen (Berbers), Morocco, Hoffman, economía de la lengua, ideología lingüística, lengua y derecho, tribunales, derechos de los pueblos indígenas, genero, Amazight, Imazighen (Bereberes), tamazight, Marruecos

Using the culture and tradition theoretical framework, this paper examines the influence of traditional values on the relationship between service quality, perceived value and purchase intention in Senegal. Based on a sample of 303 African customers of an innovative shopping mall. Using structural equation models (PLS) the results show that service quality influences the perceived value of the innovative shopping mall which in turn affects the consumer's purchase intention. This work establishes a moderating role of traditional values on the relationships between specific dimensions of service quality and the perceived value of the innovative shopping mall.

Keywords: Centre commercial innovant, Intention d'achat, Qualité de service, Valeur perçue, Valeurs traditionnelles, Innovative shopping mall, Purchase intention, Service quality, Perceived value, Traditional values, Centro comercial innovador, intención de compra, calidad de servicio, valor percibido, valores tradicionales

The purpose of this work is to show first how local traders and other actors in this Senegalese sector perceive the presence of Chinese traders in the Senegalese commercial area and then to highlight the socio-economic impact of Chinese commercial activity on the Senegalese economy.Our obtained results, using a qualitative method, make it possible to say that the relations between local traders and their Chinese counterparts can be characterized as complementary, collaborative and competitive. For some people, besides creating jobs, it has made it possible to have cheap products. For others, it has increased competition and encouraged the development of a real informal economy.

Keywords: Commerçants chinois, Commerçants locaux, perceptions, impacts, Sénégal, Chinese traders, local traders, perceptions, impacts, Senegal, comerciantes chinos, comerciantes locales, percepciones, impactos, Senegal

An integrated development program, which includes many soil protection techniques and water harvesting systems, is being implemented in the upstream of Merguellil watershed in order to reduce erosion and improve local population income. This program has modified the spatial distribution of water resources at the watershed scale, increasing its availability in the upstream and reducing it in the plain, located at downstream, where a large area is irrigated from a groundwater aquifer recharged directly from upstream runoff. As a consequence, the economic income derived from irrigated agriculture has been strongly affected, leading to the need to target the level of soil erosion reduction. By coupling a hydrological model to an economic optimization model MOTAD Target, this work has simulated the impact of different scenarios of reducing soil erosion in the upstream on the improvement of local population income and the evolution of economic return of farmers in the plain. The simulated scenarios are to reduce erosion by 25%, 50% and 75%. The results showed that all simulated scenarios lead to additional benefits for population in the upstream area. In contrast, they result in losses of economic income for farmers in the downstream area (plain). These losses become highly significant beyond the scenario of reducing erosion by 50%. The global economic income generated throughout the watershed (upstream and downstream) also decreases with the level of soil protection. This means that economic gains obtained in the upstream can only partially compensate the lost benefits in the downstream, due to the diminution of groundwater recharge. Our simulations suggest targeting the reduction of soil erosion and show that, in the case of Merguellil watershed, the optimal compromise solution between the three objectives (economic, social and environmental) is situated in the range of scenarios corresponding to a reduction of erosion by 25% and 50%.

Keywords: érosion, distribution, amont, aval, revenu, gain, perte, compromis, erosion, water distribution, upstream, downstream, income, gains, losses, compromise

A hill reservoir is a small lake resulting from a small dam. Hill reservoirs contain fifty thousand to one million m3 of runoff water from watersheds whose areas range from a few hectares to several km2. They are integrated in a natural way within the landscape and do not create any particular pollution problems. They regulate water flow and thus help to maintain populations in place, ensuring for them real possibilities of development. Their construction has several objectives:- protection of downstream infrastructures against floods and erosion ;- assuring availability of water at several places in the landscape for domestic needs, watering cattle, micro-irrigation, and water harvesting for refilling shallow groundwater reserves ;- development of new economic activities: irrigation, breeding, fishing and fish farming, tourism, and improvement of the environment (creation of oases, afforestation, etc.).The HYDROMED research project was undertaken in four countries (Lebanon, Morocco, Syria and Tunisia) where a strong policy favouring the building of small dam is going on in parallel to the construction of large dams.The goal of the HYDROMED project is to assess the impact of these hydraulic dams on the local environment and on lakeside rural communities.In addition to a training program and co-ordination activities, four projects were carried out:- Synthesis of existent data from each country and a choice of test sites for relevant experimentation ; - Characterization of the water and soil environment ;- Examination of agronomy, agricultural economy and the social management of water ;- Sustainability of the hill reservoir and its integration into sustainable development of marginal regions.After an analysis and synthesis of these projects in each country, seven test sites were chosen and a multidisciplinary approach was adopted.All small reservoirs at the test sites were equipped with a water level gauge, an evaporation pan, and two stations for automatic data collection. One station was connected to a tipping bucket rain gauge (0.5 mm rainwater), whereas the other was connected to probes that measured water and air temperatures and water levels with 1 cm accuracy. The spillways were shaped in such a way that discharge could be estimated. Since the beginning of the project, annual records of all observations made from September to August at these test sites have been published. A computerized bank of hydrological data was set up. The parameters describing the watersheds were also recorded in a similar data bank. Maps of different watersheds were stored using a geographical information system (GIS). The main objective of this work was to build a hydrological model suitable for semiarid Mediterranean catchments with hill reservoirs, with two specific objectives: (i) rainfall-runoff simulation and (ii) simulation of reservoir storage capacity and probability of failure. This model, called HYDROMED (RAGAB et al., 2001 a, b, c), provided the project with an accurate understanding of the water resource and allowed the evaluation of water availability for different uses.The bathymetry of each reservoir was measured at least once every two hydrological years, and was compared with a fine resolution land survey, making it possible to determine the rate of siltation in the pond, and to establish depth/volume and depth/surface curves. At the same time, studies on sheet erosion and gully erosion were carried out in the watersheds. Solid transport varied from 1.8 t/ha/an on a small forested catchment with soil conservation management (El Gouazine in Tunisia) to 50 t/ha/an on a cultivated catchment with marl in the Rif foothills (Morocco). A model was applied to compute the solid transport for each flood (ALBERGEL et al. 2003). It showed that solid transport is not a linear function of time and noted, for example, that 3 floods were responsible for 50% of the sedimentation that occurred in the Kamech dam (Tunisia) between the years 1994 and 2002.Water samples were collected seasonally during the project. Electrical conductivity (E.C.) and pH were measured and the concentrations in the major ions were determined (RAHAINGOMANANA, 1998). The geochemical characterization of the water in hill reservoirs showed three major groups: calcium sulphate water types, calcium bicarbonate dominated waters and sodium chloride dominated waters. The observations made during different hydrological periods aided in the understanding of the present geochemical evolution of water and confirmed the importance of reservoir hydrology in this evolution. Simulations with the Expreso model (RIEU et al., 1997) were used to estimate the risk of water quality deterioration due to evaporation.An agronomic survey was carried out in Tunisia on water requirements for the main cropping systems and for different irrigation systems (traditional, sprinkler or drip irrigation) on two semi-arid sites. At the catchment scale, measurements of energy balance showed a very strong water demand throughout the year. Values of potential evapotranspiration were always greater than 4 mm/day at Kamech (Cap Bon Peninsula) and greater than 5 mm/day at El Gouazine (Central Tunisia). During winter, high potential evapotranspiration values are due to strong winds. Micro-meteorological studies on rainfed agriculture allowed the estimation of actual evapotranspiration fluxes for hard wheat at both sites. The observed actual evapotranspiration of hard wheat (2.3 mm/day at Kamech and 1.9 mm/day at El Gouazine from mid-February to mid-May) was always less than potential evapotranspiration. Micro-meteorological measurements on a drip irrigated tomato crop showed an actual evapotranspiration rate of 6 to 7 mm/day in July for an irrigation height of 9 to 10 mm/day. Thermic stresses were observed in summer time when air temperatures exceeded 45°C (Vacher and Mougou, in HYDROMED 2001).Economic, social and environmental studies were made using surveys with the farmers. Access to water and social organizations were studied as well as the division of responsibilities among state, collectivities and the individual.The use of water in the hill reservoirs appeared to be limited, but variable from one lake to the other. On the Kamech site in Cap Bon the dam was equipped with 4 fuel water pumps. Intensive cultivation of drip-irrigated tomatoes and peppers (10 ha) coexists with traditional irrigated gardens.There is little to no exploitation of hill reservoirs that are far from the markets. Among other uses of the reservoir water, cattle watering and domestic needs were also important.In all semi-arid Mediterranean regions, ovine breeding is an important income for farmers.

Keywords: Méditerranée, eau, petits barrages, lacs collinaires, aménagements hydro agricoles, Mediterranean, water, small dams, hill reservoirs, rural hydraulic works

AbstractA number of research projects have focused on ethno-cultural minority families and the solidarity they demonstrate towards incapacitated relatives. Such research has shown the great importance they attach to family solidarity, the significant amount of care they provide, and their low level of dependency on outside sources. However, most of this research has targeted either long-established immigrant groups, or mixed groups, thus debarring any grasp of the dynamics that influence recent immigrant families. The present study looks at 15 recently immigrated families who look after an incapacitated relative. An analysis of interviews with them indicates that there is no one single standard of family solidarity and that these families experience many constraints that restrict both their ability and their desire to take care of their incapacitated relatives.

This paper explores the intergenerational solidarity practices of transnational families. Taking the case of Portuguese immigrants in Luxembourg, we seek to determine how normative family expectations are reconciled with living far apart as a result of migration. We show that Portuguese immigrants adhere strictly to the norms of filial obligation associated with their homeland and that they regularly provide assistance to their relatives despite living far away. We then examine the question of intergenerational financial transfers, discuss the connection between intergenerational solidarity and social cohesion, and address the issue of the homogenization of European social security systems.