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A unique source on the practical aspects of the scientia astrorum (astronomy and astrology) in medieval Europe has come down to us in the shape of a letter written shortly after 1246 by John of London, an astronomer based in Paris. John used the letter to answer eight questions on technical problems posed to him by his addressee, a certain R. de Guedingue, with subject matters ranging from the rate of precession to the dates of the so-called Dog Days. The article makes this source available via a critical edition (based upon three manuscripts) and an accompanying English translation. An introduction discusses the background and transmission of John’s letter as well as the identities of the letter writer and addressee. The edition and translation are followed by commentaries elucidating the background to each of the eight questions and John’s answers to them.

Keywords: Medieval Astronomy, Astrology, Horoscopes, Thirteenth Century, John Of London, University Of Paris

This study was conducted in a Tunisian context with the aim of understanding the role that the union and the works council can play in the process of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Three companies were studied by means of an interpretive epistemological approach and qualitative methodology. To carry out this comprehensive research, data were collected from three sources : field notes ; semi-structured interviews ; and the company's CSR reports. The main results show differences from one case to another in (1) CSR types, (2) CSR commitment reasons and (3) types of regulation. The type of regulation depended on the rule governing the mode of CSR practice and management. The results allow us to conclude that, in all cases, the union and the works council are an essential stakeholder in CSR through their mobilizing capacity and the various types of regulation that strengthen or weaken the CSR process. Social dialogue appears as a powerful lever to legitimize and develop CSR practices through joint collective action. As a CSR tool that is both robust and pragmatic, social dialogue regulates the process and reifies the actor's aspirations around this construct (CSR).

Keywords: Syndicat, Comité d'entreprise, Dialogue social, Types de RSE, Régulation, union, works council, social dialogue, CSR types, regulation

AbstractThe aim of this article is to find out what level of potentialities migrant entrepreneurs have when they come back home as compared to their local peers. A synthesis of the main research projects about characteristics and actions of entrepreneurs has led us to establish the concept of entrepreneurial potentialities. The theoretical corpus thus obtained is completed by a resource-based approach extended to the effectual entrepreneur model.This theoretical corpus is supported by the revised Gasse survey, which has been given out to a sample of 393 Moroccan entrepreneurs, shared as LAM (40%) and Locals (60%).The LAM are the Living Abroad Moroccans, coming back to Morocco to settle their own company. The Locals are those who have always lived in Morocco and who are entrepreneurs. The 393 surveys are submitted to multi-dimensional and in-depth data analysis techniques. The results obtained confirm our initial hypothesis: living abroad Moroccans have a higher level of potentialities than local entrepreneurs when coming back home. Such results highlight new parameters that could help with internal support programmes. Those results lead to a more global approach of returning migration entrepreneurship, an approach that brings together fact-, action – and process – paradigms.

Keywords: Entrepreneur, Potentialités entrepreneuriales, Migrant de retour, Expérience migratoire, Traits, faits et processus entrepreneuriaux, Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurial potentialities, Returns migrants, Migratory experience, Entrepreneurial facts characteristics and processes, Emprendedor, Potencialidades, creaciones de empresa, Migrantes de vuelta, Experiencia migratoria, Rasgos Hechos Procesos de creación de actividad

The march Take Back the Night is part of two dynamics of the Western feminist movement that was reborn in the 1970s, the new political action strategies, and the denunciation of sexual violence against women. This march also has an original aspect due to its international character which was rapidly developed due to the rise of the radical feminist networks in the United States and Europe. This article will elaborate on the origins of these marches, especially in the United States, Canada, Germany, England and France. And nonetheless, this article will try to relate the origins of the first march. From researches in the Canadian archives, during the period 1980-1990, some aspects of the march will be more highlighted, such as the symbolism of the appropriation of the night by women, the solidarity among women worldwide and finally the celebration of the strength of women.

Keywords: violence faite aux femmes, marches nationales et internationales, mouvement féministe, violences sexuelles, violence against women, sexual violences, feminist movement, national and international marches

Logicians commonly understand nonmonotonic types of reasoning can warrant rational acceptance of conclusions. The significance and legitimacy of these forms of arguments, which were long considered fallacious, has been contentious among logicians in the Aristotelian logical tradition. In contrast, Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), has long recognised the importance of non-deductive forms of reasoning, and demonstrated how conventionally understood fallacies are not essentially fallacies. Qiyās – generally representing analogical reasoning – is such a case of defeasible reasoning in Islamic legal theories. I show through works of two emblematic medieval Muslim jurist-logicians, al-Juwainī and al-Ghazzālī, that understanding the legitimacy of non-deductive forms of arguments is core to Islamic legal theories (usūl al-fiqh), which proposed a dialectical method (jadal) of approach.

Keywords: fallacies, Islamic argumentation, Islamic legal theories, non-deductive argument

This article presents the development of an ethical framework designed to guide the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, with a particular emphasis on the Moroccan context. The adopted methodology includes a comprehensive review of the literature on ethics in the fields of AI, education, and specifically within the Moroccan context. This literature was processed and analyzed using Nvivo and Tropes software. Afterwards, a survey was carried out with key stakeholders such as teacher-researchers, AI engineers, and higher education officials, with the aim to validate the developed ethical framework. Survey results were analyzed using the SPSS statistical tool to define priority ethical indicators. The resulting ethical framework aims to guide practitioners and decision-makers toward ethical educational practices, taking into account the cultural and social specificities of Morocco.

Keywords: inteligência artificial, inteligencia artificial, artificial intelligence, intelligence artificielle, educação, educación, education, éducation, ética, ética, ethics, éthique, référentiel éthique, ethical framework, marco ético, estrutura étic