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Abdelkébir Khatibi's La mémoire tatouée (“The tattooed memory”) subverts reality by weaving in dreams, fantasies and drama, thus embedding many genres (essay, poetry, play) into the novel. This essay-cum-novel depicts the alienation of not only the colonised but also an entire generation that was uprooted and subjected to a second language. First-person writing is a means to put forward the colonised intellectual who rebels against his own alienation in an autobiographical series of shatters and cries. Its analysis calls for a sound grasp of the author's trajectory, enabling the social contextualisation of his statements. This article dwells on Khatibi's intellectual evolution as it relates to attitudes, positions and statements, leading to an understanding of the autobiographical sketch transfigured by the author and the tricks of his writing trade.

Since the late eighties, the new regionalism is the most important wave of regionalism ever experienced in the world: every continent is now involved in one or several regional integration processes. This article aims at assessing the real impact of these processes on the international System. The method consists of comparing and building typologies of the main regional integration processes which have been created out of Europe, according to four criteria: the sense of the integration, the quality of political cooperation between the member states, the degree of economic integration, and the degree of institutional and political integration. The outcome of the analysis is that, except from Europe, integration is rarely scheduled to go deep or has a real chance to go deep in the short term. Hence the ability of the new regionalism to shape the international system deeply remains quite limited.

Deposition of sediments reduces available water reserves by 2 to 5% annually in the man-made reservoirs of the Maghreb countries. The sedimentation problem in the reservoirs in Algeria is known in the world because of its great importance. Measurement of reservoir siltation is important for quantifying deposits and for the management of the hydraulic structures.The A.N.R.H. (Agence Nationale des Ressources Hydrauliques) first attempted to monitor sediment loads by measuring the transport of suspended particles (solids) at hydrometric stations in a punctual and irregular manner (draw-off by section without measuring the flow velocity), but the real value of a stream's sediment load is not necessarily well reflected by point sampling (TOUAT, 1989; TOUAT 1991). Therefore, small experimental drainage basins (several hectares in surface area) were equipped to study sedimentation in the hydraulic structures solely by slope erosion (RAMDANE, 1989). The specific rate of erosion in catchment areas in northern Algeria is the highest in the Maghreb. Often it is over 2000 T/km_/year in the majority of the Tellian Altas basins, and it reaches 4000 T/km_/year in the Dahra coastal catchments. These latter values are among the highest in the world (DERI and HUSSON, 1976; HEUSCH, 1970). Variation of sediment transport across the wetted cross section was demonstrated by gauging the suspended particles transport (Tss). Measurement of the transport of bed material is not reliable, and often it is estimated as a percentage of the Tss.The aim of the present study was to improve sedimentation estimates in order to define proper hydrotechnical structures and to increase their lifetime (reducing the costs).Firstly, we consider information stemming from the topo-bathymetric processing of 19 reservoirs in Algeria. From the temporal point of view, the information is not homogeneous (not synchronous) but has the advantage of integrating all the types of sediments (suspended sediments, bed-load, bank erosion, deposits). The first analysis involved the topo-bathymetric survey of basins done by the A.N.B. (Agence Nationale des Barrages) (DERI, 1977; SOGREAH and A.N.R.H., 1989) whose data were used as the basis for the calibration of our models. These latter data then allow one to predict the lifetime of recent reservoirs. Calibration consists of defining the most influential hydroclimatic or physico-geographic factors affecting the abrasion rate.We therefore considered 19 Algerian reservoirs located on basins distributed over a large part of the country. A first analysis led to the identification of the variability of the hydromorphometric (elevation index, drainage density, slope index, flow coefficient, etc.) and the climatic (subhumid, semiarid, arid) characteristics of the studied sample. The evolution of the volumes of sediments from two topo-bathymetric measurements, which were carried out on two different dates, shows a variation between 0.017 Mm3/year and 2.490 Mm3/year. This sedimentation resulted in a loss of initial capacity, which caused the termination of life for some reservoirs. The initial capacity of the 19 considered reservoirs was about 1900 Mm3; it was reduced to 1070 Mm3 in 1986. This constitutes a loss of 44% of the initial volume.These latter results were exploited with the aim of setting up a simple model for estimating sedimentation and classifying the Algerian reservoirs. To this end, we graphed the preferential links between sedimentation, surface area, and the different hydromorphometric factors. Three determining factors were identified: the surface of drainage basin, the elevation index and the flow coefficient. These latter parameters allowed a spatial partitioning of the examined sample into three groups relating to the continentality (elevation index) and to the geographical context: class Ia represents the catchment basins of the high plateau zone (hard and semiarid climate, a low abrasion rate); class Ib corresponds to an intermediate position (with a moderate physico- geographic characteristic, the cross between two climates: semiarid and subhumid); and class II shows the coastal drainage basins that are influenced by the subhumid climate (an important abrasion rate). Essentially, sedimentation within the hydraulic structures depends on the precipitation, the surface area of the catchment, the inflow (flow coefficient) and the relief (elevation index).In order to validate these first results, we further analyzed the data table corresponding to the hydromorphometric factors and the abrasion rates. The study of such a data table is generally carried out by interpreting the information by means of multidimensional statistical methods (principal components analysis, factorial discriminant analysis, factorial correspondence analysis, etc.). These descriptive methods, which disregard part of the initial information, yield an explanation of the structure of the data table in terms of hydrokinematics (ROLET and SEGUIN, 1986a and b). Principal components analysis, based on multivariate analysis, implies a mode of deductive reasoning (MUDRY, 1991). Application of this approach showed the presence of sub- groups, based on hydromorphometric criteria, which resembled those obtained earlier in the graphical analysis. This method also corroborated the formulated observations in the classification analysis (graphical analysis).Calibration of the mathematic functions, based on the minimization of errors by the least squares method, on the data series of "abrasion rate surface" according to the observed data of deposits, showed a significant correlation between the observed and calculated values of the abrasion rate. These latter models did not integrate all the determining factors, but they can be useful for predicting the lifetime of recent reservoirs. These last tasks complete the results obtained from the previous models based on the classification (graphical, principal components analysis) and reveal great efficient means.To validate our models, we extended our application to the other sites presenting neighbouring conditions. We then inserted in our abacus the deposition values for seven Tunisian reservoirs and sixteen Moroccan reservoirs. The three countries (Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco) are situated in the same physico-geographical conditions. The Tunisian and Moroccan reservoirs behave similarly to those in Algeria and present a high abrasion rate.Another task is the application of the taxonomy already defined (classification abacus model) to recent reservoirs to determine their lifetime. Regarding the obtained results, it turns out that the reservoirs that have a short calculated lifetime must be fitted out first, and a specific protocol for their exploitation must be established.Finally, we can imagine the use of our abacus to include the bathymetric results of the reservoirs in order to analyze the evolution of the abrasion rate in small catchment areas. It is suggested that further investigation be undertaken in order to better understand the hierarchical organization of the factors that govern sedimentation in the Maghreb.

Keywords: Sédimentation, barrages, modèles, facteurs hydroclimatiques, durée de vie, Sedimentation, reservoirs, models, classification, statistics, lifetime

Keywords: Maroc, Formation professionnelle, système de relations professionnelles, Régulation tripartite : État, patronat, syndicat, Coopération internationale

Like other cities throughout the world, Algiers, Rabat and Ankara are undergoing socio-urban transformations which most often have destructuring effects on working-class neighbourhoods. Generally inspired by neoliberal urban policies, these transformations exacerbate socio-spatial inequalities and degrade the living conditions of women who resist these transformations in various ways. These women mobilize to claim their right to the city and, in particular, their right to remain in their neighbourhood. This article aims to shed light on the awareness and politicization mechanisms of women in lower-income neighborhoods—the least visible and least vocal group—through their resistance to the socio-urban transformations that these cities are experiencing, in order to help account for the ongoing reconfigurations of gendered citizenship in difficult contexts. Based on working-class neighborhoods in Algiers, Rabat and Ankara, this analysis focuses on the social and political practices of women and on how they assert themselves in the public space and through collective mobilizations. Our objective is to capture how their requests for the recognition of their rights are manifested and the way in which women negotiate this process.

Keywords: Genre, conscientisation, quartiers populaires, résistances, mobilisations, transformations urbaines, Gender, awareness, working-class neighbourhoods, resistance, mobilizations, urban transformations, Género, concientización, barrios populares, resistencias, movilización, transformaciones urbanas

Cette thèse traite du rapport à la musique de personnes immigrantes en contexte urbain. Prenant appui sur les écoutes et pratiques musicales de personnes nées au Maghreb (Algérie, Maroc, Tunisie) et vivant à Montréal, il s’agit d’interroger comment leurs rapports à la musique et au monde social se déploient et s’alimentent de façon dialogique et récursive. Ce faisant, la thèse attire l’attention sur des questions de relations interculturelles et de cohabitation interethnique induites par l’immigration dont Montréal est une plaque tournante. La réflexion adopte par ailleurs une double perspective émigrante et immigrante, deux versants indissociables dans la compréhension de ce processus sociomusical. Dans une démarche à caractère ethnographique, quarante-cinq entretiens semi-dirigés sous forme de « récits de vie » axés sur la musique se combinent …

AbstractAmongst the recreational reading published in France between 1982 and 2005, and targeting children (from early childhood to adolescence), the authors have identified twenty-nine books that feature intergenerational relationships set in an intercultural context. The aspects of this literature they examined are those of transmission and family memory, focussing on the characteristics of intergenerational exchanges that help or hinder reciprocity. Though, within these stories, remote intergenerational relationships take on an idyllic appearance, day-to-day interconnections in immigration contexts clearly illustrate the difficulties inherent to the transfer from one culture to another.

The author presents the realizations and difficulties of a Tunisian research and documentation center on women (CREDIF) in the area of documentation and offers several useful references on women in Tunisia.

AbstractThis article deals with some matters related to two terms, specialised language and technical language, and the type of relations between them. Before attempting to present the features characterising specialised languages, it is necessary to recall the continuity between general language and the language referred to as specialised to reach the idea that specialised languages were rather inclined to indicate learned and written forms. And yet, less-developed societies, in traditional – and sometimes even modern – technical domains of activity, make use of the oral language predominantly. However, this aspect is by no means covered by the term specialised language which prioritises language as a system (in the Saussurian sense). The use of the term technical language, in the view of its creators, has the advantage of being applicable to the oral as well as to the written language and could thus assume a more generic character compared to that of specialised language.

Keywords: langue spécialisée, technolecte, domaines, écrit/oral, développement, specialised language, technolect, domains, written/oral language, development

Since the beginning of the 1980s, the British Museum has been maintaining a policy of acquiring contemporary pieces “from the Middle-East”. The acquired works of art have been successively exhibited alongside historical islamic art objects in the John Addis Gallery. This displaying strategy suggests that the contemporary artworks prolong “islamic art” today. By examining the history of the John Addis Gallery's collections of “islamic” art, this essay shows how the British Museum's display of its “contemporary art from the Middle-East” not only revives the notion of “islamic civilization” but also implies the existence of an “islamic essence”.