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Basé sur l’approche des parcours de vie, le présent mémoire se veut une étude du processus par lequel les inégalités fondées sur l’ethnicité se déploient dans le marché du travail au Québec. Faites à partir des données de l’Enquête sur les travailleurs sélectionnés (n=1541), des régressions logistiques à effets aléatoires évaluent l’influence de la région de naissance des nouveaux immigrants sur la présence en emploi tout au long des quatre premières années et demie de séjour au Québec. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que la présence en emploi est influencée par la région de naissance. Quatre profils principaux ressortent. Les travailleurs sélectionnés provenant d’Europe de l’Ouest et des États-Unis, catégorie de référence, bénéficient d’une situation relativement favorable. Les répondants originaires du Maghreb, désavantagés au cours de …

On the basis of the international recognition of social protection and the constitutionality of this principle, the State undertakes to implement it in order to ensure the comprehensiveness of social protection and its compulsory development. It also plans to include AMO beneficiaries and remove them from the Single Social Registry (RSU) in order to achieve social justice, combat poverty and social exclusion and ensure the sustainable development of the country. This program is based on two principles: solidarity and non-discrimination.

Keywords: protection sociale marocaine, assurance maladie obligatoire, registre national de la population, couverture médicale de base

La gauche marocaine a connu le même sort que les autres partis et organisations de gauche dans la majorité des pays arabes. Elle n’a pas su répondre aux aspirations populaires et transformer ses slogans en révolution en vue de conquérir le pouvoir. Après avoir porté le flambeau de l’opposition pendant des décennies, la gauche marocaine a progressivement perdu son ancrage auprès des masses populaires ainsi que son rôle de lutte contre le despotisme et l'oppression. En outre, elle a perdu son rôle social de défenseur des intérêts des travailleurs et des classes défavorisées. D’une force politique redoutable appuyée par des organisations étudiantes et syndicales, la gauche lutte pour sa survie. Elle n’a pas réussi à résister aux stratégies d’usure du régime qui a forcé certains …

Ce mémoire vise à approfondir l'analyse des nouvelles figures d'Ulysse qui surgissent des littératures francophones, et ce, à travers l'étude de trois romans ancrés dans différents lieux de la francophonie (Europe, Maghreb, Québec) : Le Chien d'Ulysse de Salim Bachi (2001), Ulysse from Bagdad d'Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt (2008) et Heureux qui comme Ulysse d'Alain Poissant (2010). L'objectif de ce mémoire est d'interroger et d'élucider les fins auxquelles est présentée la figure poétique d'Ulysse dans ces textes contemporains. Dans cette perspective, une typologie non-exhaustive est établie afin de distinguer quelques-unes des variations théoriques, conceptuelles et symboliques engendrées par la figure d’Ulysse au cours de l'histoire (chapitre 1) avant de déterminer ses fonctions et ses effets dans les textes francophones en examinant les caractères des protagonistes des romans …

AbstractEye, Magical Poison and TalismanCause and Meaning in Ethnopsychoanalytical PracticeIs it possible for patients coming from non-western cultures to undergo psychotherapy and what are the technical compromises that must ensue ? The author hère présents the guiding principles of his clinical work in ethnopsychiatry : 1) in the language of the patient, 2) in a group of professionals, 3) this group having to be multi-ethnic and multi-lingual. In order to illustrate his method of work, the author présents a detailed analysis of a psychotherapy session with an eighteen months old girl suffering from daily bouts of sobbing and spasms which can last up to one hour each time. The child is accompanied by her mother, a young arabic speaking woman from Algeria.It becomes clear from the clinical analysis that the patient does not react to the content of the « interprétation » or to its hypothetical « truth » but rather in most cases to the theoretical connotations that such an interprétation carries as a departure either to oppose or to illustrate. In addition to « emphaty » the author poses the hypothesis that the therapeutic effects of the ethnopsychoanalytical framework stem from the feeling of being understood in one's own language as well as the possibility ofevoking or evenrelievingone's « nostalgia ». The spécifie capacity to fragment the patient's représentation is made possible by the availability of a multitude of étiologies and enables one to propose a new method of organizing éléments brought up during the therapeutic process.

AbstractThis paper explores eating habits and representations along with the process of their transformation among migrant populations from the Maghreb living in Montreal. We interviewed children from the third level of primary school and teenagers from the first level of secondary school along with a few of their parents. This study continues the line of research developed by Pierre Sercia (2007, 2004), which focused on the social integration of immigrant students. The transformation process is defined as one of creolization in a multicultural alimentary social space and is characterized by the presence of integration, fusion and differentiation processes.

Keywords: Alimentation, immigration, créolisation, famille, représentations, Eating, immigration, creolization, family, representations

Initiatives on behalf of sustainable development are often criticized for inadequate consideration and advice of local issues and replication of decontextualized good practices only. This is particularly the case in Arab countries with authoritarian regimes. This article reviews the experience of the Development Strategy of Greater Sfax, considered as a success by many international, Tunisian and Sfaxian actors. We seek to identify the factors behind this relative success, while emphasizing the limits of this experiment. The article first presents the debate on sustainable urban development in Arab countries and especially in the Tunisian context. Then it analyzes the experience of Sfax emphasizing the role of international institutions which played a major role in launching the process, the nature of interactions between participants in the strategy development, including the role taken by local actors from the civil society, and the argumentation used to reach this consensus. Examining two projects from this strategy, the paper considers the inclusion in the local history of development as an essential condition for the continuation of this process. However, by focusing on the development of these projects until the current period of political change, the article also highlights the limits of consensus, including in particular the tensions that arise around the social issue.

Keywords: Urbanisme, développement durable, environnement, concertation, participation, société civile, régime autoritaire, Sfax, Tunisie, Urban planning, sustainable development, environment, consultation, participation, civil society, authoritarian regime, Sfax, Tunisia

The Middle East is generally perceived in the West, often in simplistic terms, as an area which is crucial to the West's economic and strategic interests. Given the complexity of this new « Eastern question », the Western perspective is important because it counts for a lot in determining the future of this region and in defining the position the Middle East holds in the world System. This dominant perspective has nonetheless the defect of putting on the back burner the interests of the peoples of the Middle East and the possibilities of a different scenario which corresponds less with the designs of the great powers today and more with the needs of the Middle Eastern countries.The present and future position of the Middle East in the world System should thus be examined from an internal viewpoint as much as from an external one. Seen from the outside, the region appears essentially as a pawn. From this perspective, the deterioration of the Palestinian question permits the great powers (particularly the United States) to keep the Arab governments divided and thus blocks the way to regional cooperation susceptible to putting the energy resources of the oil producers at the service of self-directed development in the region. Seen from the inside, however, this cooperation, beyond its economic advantages, has interesting social and cultural possibilities, It is thus a question of knowing which conditions would develop these possibilities. The question is important because, to a certain extent, the outcome of the Middle Eastern situation will serve as an example to the Third World as a whole to the extent that the Middle East develops a strategy for a new kind of development defined and carried out free from dependency on external powers. The precondition to this effort is clearly the formulation and effective maintenance of a common Arab position which is coherent and realistic on the Palestinian question ; inevitably this is central to all Middle Eastern policy.

The article situates official French policy during the crisis in the general framework of its international relations. It was somewhat surprising to see a country close to Iraq join the coalition. The first part is a reminder that France was, after the United States, the most zealous of the coalition members, and that its stated objectives did not correspond to its real aims. The second part takes stock of Franco-Iraqi relations in order to assess their state in August 1990. Business dwindled after the 1970s and stagnation set in as a result of the war against Iran and the downturn in oil prices. On the eve of the crisis, relations were at a standstill while accords to settle arrears in payments went into effect. The third part puts Franco-Iraqi relations in the context of the general reorientation of the French economy. At the time of the Gulf crisis, France was turning the page on the era of megaprojects in developing countries and integrating more thoroughly in the developed economies. The article concludes that French policy during the crisis, a short-term political event, was in accord with economic changes occurring over the intermediate term, without being their direct consequence.