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Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

The substantial production of movies and novels retelling the story of harraga (illegal immigrants literally “burning” the borders and their papers) and the broader phenomenon of the harga (the “burn”) has been the focus of a number of monographs and collective works published recently. The story of illegal immigrants sacrificing their lives in an attempt to take their destiny back into their own hands was at the origin of a radical movement of criticism against official and traditional discourses in literature. In this context, Harraga, a novel written by Boualem Sansal in 2005, is unique in that it decenters and broadens the scope of this phenomenon by giving a female character – Lamia – the leading critical voice as an observer of a country “at war with itself” (Sansal, Harraga : 285). Borrowing Alfonso de Toro’s concept of “deconstructionist dialogism” (dialogicité déconstructionniste), we are proposing a critical reading of the novel and demonstrate that its dialogical structure allows for the re-appropriation by the narrator of her people’s story by parting with logocentric discourses while re-rooting this narrative in the very act of writing the unfolding reality.

AbstractThis contribution attemps to understand the Francophonie in Southern Mediterranean countries. This work focuses on the political aspects of thèse countries in addition to their linguistic and socio-cultural traditions insofar as they act as important operating factors. In this respect, history cannot be ignored as illustrated by the "Oriental Question" and the colonial period of the 19th and 20th centuries. First, the political complexity of the Francophonie is analysed. Second, we présent the different experiences between some countries of the Maghreb (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia), of the Near East (Lebanon, Egypt, Syria), and within thèse régions, of those that do or do not participate in the process. Finally, we reflect on the psychological, sociological, and linguistic aspects which shape a truly meaningful cultural exchange between the Northern and Southern countries.

Dans le cadre du processus de métropolisation des flux migratoires internationaux au sein de la région métropolitaine de recensement de Montréal (RMR), on assiste de la part des nouvelles populations immigrantes à une transformation de leurs dynamiques de répartition spatiale et de leurs stratégies d'implantation résidentielle dans la métropole montréalaise. Dans ce contexte, le marquage ethnique à travers lequel les communautés ethnoculturelles se rendent visibles dans l'espace urbain montréalais est en pleine mutation, tant dans la forme que dans les fonctions qu'il endosse. À travers l'exemple du marquage ethnique maghrébin, ce mémoire se penche sur les modalités nouvelles qui régissent les rapports entre territoires et ethnicité dans la métropole montréalaise, dans le but d'observer quel rôle identitaire continue de remplir ce même territoire auprès des …

In the Maghreb, recent changes in social housing policies have been marked by the emergence of a participatory approach to development and the introduction of multiplayer social engineering mechanisms. Through a comparative assessment of housing programs in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, this paper takes a critical look at the mechanisms of civil society involvement in social housing projects on the south coast of the Mediterranean. Whereas international authorities recommend a more inclusive, more equitable, more effective process than the usual State-centred initiatives, addressing the problems of unsanitary housing poses significant socioeconomic, organizational and political challenges in practice.

This article presents a comparative analysis from Quebec and France of the different modalities of agreement of the process of internationalisation of higher education. It deals specifically with one of the dimensions of this internationalisation, the mobility of foreign students, focusing on student flows which are significant in these two host societies : those from Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. The presentation is based on interviews with thirty institutional actors, and on statistical data and public documents. The article shows that actors in France and Quebec are at the focal point of two major tensions : firstly between the logic of the market and the cultural and linguistic mission of universities ; and secondly between the objective of increasing the numbers of foreign students and the need to manage the risks of immigration. Each of these tensions is shown to give rise to complex legitimation procedures in the attempt to reconcile them and to engage the different actors. The article sheds light on these legitimation processes through looking at the movements of students from the Maghreb to Quebec and France. Two normative categories — the “good immigrant” in Quebec and the “good foreign student” in France — are identified as tending to emerge as dominant as a result of these mental operations.

Keywords: Chraïbi, Driss, littérature maghrébine, plurilinguisme, interculturalité, altérité