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766.More information
Fishing is one of the most important socio-economic activities in the Mediterranean and particularly in the Maghreb. In Algeria, it has become an employment sector for a large part of the coastal population in recent decades. The exploitation of the sea also represents one of the main animal protein resources for most coastal inhabitants. This paper is a contribution to the analysis of the socio-economic dynamics of fisheries in relation to two main aspects: the first is the governance mode of coastal natural resources, and the second is the context of fragility of the coastal ecosystems characterizing the Mediterranean Sea. This work is based on a study of the fishing port of Jijel (Boudis), considered as one of the most important fishing infrastructures of Eastern Algeria. This port has undergone profound transformations due to massive public investments for the development of port infrastructure as part of a national policy of economic recovery. Public actions have led to the broadening of the regional influence of the marketing of seafood products to consumers throughout the Eastern Algerian coastline as well as the interior territories. The modernization of the port has accompanied the improvement of the transport and the channels of resale of the fish resources; however, the governance of the fishing activity in Jijel fails to master the multiple ecological, economic and social constraints.
Keywords: mer méditerranée, écosystèmes côtiers, ressources halieutiques, gouvernance des ressources naturelles, acteurs de la pêche, pêche artisanale, pêche, port de Jijel, Boudis, Algérie, Mediterranean Sea, coastal ecosystem, governance of natural resources, fisheries, artisanal fishiery, fishermen, stakeholders, Port of Jijel, Boudis, Algeria
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770.More information
The ongoing intensification of grazing as well as the replacement of traditional land management systems in the Maghreb has brought to the forefront the fundamental role of land-use in determining soil erosion hazard. This paper reports on erosion rates and soil hydrological characteristics of a variety of land uses in Morocco and Tunisia. The results were obtained through rainfall simulation experiments carried out in the field using a portable simulator, following the design of CERDÀ et al. (1997).Traditional land management systems - typically involving a combination of agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry - produced the least amounts of overland flow and the lowest soil erosion rates. Over-exploitation of these systems apparently has only minor hydrological and erosional impacts. Heavily grazed, degraded "maquis" shrublands, on the other hand, produced considerable amounts of overland flow. At the plot scale of the rainfall simulation experiments (0.24 m2), the corresponding sediment loads are rather insignificant. Nevertheless, slopes where "maquis" shrublands (which generally have very compacted soils) occur upslope from more erodible soils may present a major erosion hazard.
Keywords: Altération de l'usage du sol, ruissellement superficiel, risque d'érosion, Maghreb, Landuse change, overland flow, erosion risk, Maghreb