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In this paper, we analyze the relationship between the publicness of the working environment and employee workplace commitment within Swiss public administrations. More than a thousand public employees from different organizations and institutional levels were surveyed, using a questionnaire designed for measuring multi-anchor commitment. Our study shows that beyond theoretical publicness, the actual perceived publicness by the surveyed employees' working environment is more closely related to their commitment; especially for the most salient public commitment anchors. Besides, we propose an innovative approach of the Person-work environment Fit, of potential interest for public management scholars and practioners.

Keywords: Publicitude théorique et perçue, engagement au travail, ancres d'engagement, employés publics, P-E Fit, Theoretical and perceived publicness, workplace commitment, commitment anchors, public employees, P-E Fit, Publicness teórico y percibido, compromiso en el trabajo, anclas de compromiso, empleados públicos, P-E Fit

While the entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) is a rapidly developing concept, the academic literature highlights the lack of theoretical and methodological frameworks. This paper aims to address this by proposing a dynamic modeling in the form of sub-ecosystems. We enrich the literature on complex adaptive systems by introducing the notions of quasi-decomposability and redundancy dear to Simon. We revisit EA from a conceptual grid combining structural and dynamic reading. Our exploratory and illustrative empirical study shows how the sub-ecosystems and their interactions have contributed to the entrepreneurial dynamics in the Montpellier area. This article thus reinforces the theorization of EE and formulates useful recommendations for policy makers in the design of their entrepreneurship policy.

Keywords: écosystème entrepreneurial, sous-écosystèmes, dynamique entrepreneuriale, systèmes complexes adaptatifs, entrepreneurial ecosystem, sub-ecosystems, entrepreneurial dynamics, complex adaptive systems, ecosistema empresarial, subecosistemas, dinámica empresarial, sistemas adaptativos complejos

The wide heterogeneity of conclusions of the studies addressing diversity and performance is well explained by the multi-meaning nature of these notions and their tight connection to the historical and environmental context. The time and culture, the management practices, the professional integration modes, the conjuncture and the inter-organisational context, as well, affect the performance of diversified teams. To make diversity a real performance vector, organisations are committed to conceive and adopt policies which inscribe the change in long-duration (societal perspective), promote integrating-management practices, sensitive to the culture and the identity of individuals (organisational level) and adopt mentoring and leadership practices (individual level).

Keywords: Diversité, performance, management, intégration, contexte, conjoncture, temps, culture, leadership, mentoring, Diversity, performance, management, integration, context, conjuncture, time, culture, leadership, mentoring, Diversidad, rendimiento, gestión, integración, contexto, coyuntura, tiempo, cultura, liderazgo, tutoría (mentoring)

This article proposes to assess the impact of the attributes of discretionary power of top executives on the financial performance of their company in the context of a country with a weak system of governance, Cameroon. Analysis of the results shows that a top executive who mobilizes his specific managerial skills, invests in assets linked to his knowledge or even seeks support within his relational network achieves better performance than one who does not. Only donations to board directors have a negative effect on financial performance. However, Cameroonian top executives are constrained in their discretionary power by certain checks and balances, and the high level of indebtedness of their firm.

Keywords: pouvoir discrétionnaire, latitude managériale, gouvernance, performance financière, théories managériales, discretionary power, managerial latitude, governance, financial performance, managerial theories, poder discrecional, latitud gerencial, gobernanza, desempeño financiero, teorías gerenciales

This article shows how international business/management (IB/IM) research can be articulated to an in-depth understanding of Africa to serve both academic knowledge development and African priorities. It critically recalls the central characteristics of IB/IM as a field of research, shows how Africa is studied in this field, suggests “African management” as one response to some of the major criticisms of current research in IB/IM, outlines some crossovers between IB/IM and African management, and discusses the contribution of Africa-focused publications in the journal International Management to some of the foundations of the proposed cross-fertilization between IB/IM and African management.

Keywords: International Business, International Management, African Management, Contextualization, Theorization, Commerce international, Management international, Management africain, Contextualisation, Théorisation, Negocios Internacionales, Gestión Internacional, Gestión Africana, Contextualización, Teorización

The purpose of this work is to show first how local traders and other actors in this Senegalese sector perceive the presence of Chinese traders in the Senegalese commercial area and then to highlight the socio-economic impact of Chinese commercial activity on the Senegalese economy.Our obtained results, using a qualitative method, make it possible to say that the relations between local traders and their Chinese counterparts can be characterized as complementary, collaborative and competitive. For some people, besides creating jobs, it has made it possible to have cheap products. For others, it has increased competition and encouraged the development of a real informal economy.

Keywords: Commerçants chinois, Commerçants locaux, perceptions, impacts, Sénégal, Chinese traders, local traders, perceptions, impacts, Senegal, comerciantes chinos, comerciantes locales, percepciones, impactos, Senegal

This article reveals how audiences, especially in anglophone Canada, initially received and interpreted Roncarelli v. Duplessis as a case, above all, about human rights. Ignoring the judgment's myriad complexities, commentators eagerly situated the case within the Supreme Court of Canada's “implied bill of rights” jurisprudence then taking shape. Part of the reason for the emphasis on Roncarelli's rights can be traced to the manner in which Frank Scott and Louis Stein argued the case, and the language of rights employed by Justice Ivan Rand's iconic judgment.But Roncarelli's meaning also took shape in press accounts and editorials, radio broadcasts, case comments, and law school lectures. Exploring these often-neglected sources, this article exposes the role of constitutional culture in creating jurisprudential meaning. In turn, it also calls for greater recognition of the pre-Charter Supreme Court of Canada in contributing to Canada's intellectual history of rights.

The introduction of extensive vine growing and commercial wine production to Canada owes its origins to the visionary Justin McCarthy De Courtenay who created the first viable commercial operation in Cooksville in County Peel in the 1860s. He accomplished this through a systematic approach: first, arguing that extensive grape production was possible in the Canadian climate; second, showing that one could produce palatable wine from Canadian-grown grapes; third, engaging government to arouse its interest in a possible new industry; fourth, securing sufficient funds to establish a commercial-scale vineyard and winery; and fifth, through his commercial example, interesting Ontario horticulturists to see the value of vine growing. Despite his departure from Canada in 1869, he had, in less than a decade, established a permanent industry.

A non-pathogenic agrocin-producing native isolate of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain UHFBA-218 was tested as a biological control agent against the peach crown gall. This strain was compatible with all the recommended pesticides used in stone fruits in the integrated pest management (IPM) module, except for copper oxychloride, which was detrimental to its growth. Upon artificial co-inoculation of 4-wk-old plants of tomato var. Solan Gola with A. tumefaciens strain UHFBA-218 and tumorigenic A. tumefaciens strain Peach 2E-10, out of the 27 isolates recovered, six were transconjugants showing selective acquisition of tumorigenic factors as made evident by amplification with ipt and virD2 primers, whereas the rest of the isolates did not acquire any of these tumorigenic factors. A white stone powder-based formulation of this isolate (103.3 × 108 cfu g-1) retained appreciable viability for up to 6 months at room temperature. When peach roots and seeds were soaked in cell suspensions of different doses of a white stone powder-based bioformulation of UHFBA-218 before planting in the field, the number of plants with tumours was reduced, with the lowest incidence of crown gall being observed in the 0.1% UHFBA-218 root dip treatment, i.e. 1.48% and 0.80% during the years 2013 and 2014, respectively. No incidence of crown gall was observed in the three seed dip treatments, i.e. 30-min dip in UHFBA-218 followed by 1 h of shade drying, stratified seeds dipped for 30 min in 0.1% suspensions of strains UHFBA-218 or K84 followed by 1 h of shade drying before sowing, as compared with 14.76% incidence in untreated plants.

Keywords: antagonistic potential, bioformulation, dose, incidence, native agrocin-producing isolate, non-pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens, selective acquisition, transconjugants, acquisition sélective, Agrobacterium tumefaciens non pathogène, agrocine, bioformulation, dose, incidence, isolat indigène, potentiel antagoniste, transconjugants

This article critically analyzes the role of the Divisional Court in Ontario's justice system, and ultimately proposes that the Divisional Court be eliminated, or at least have its jurisdiction significantly constrained. The analysis begins through looking at the Divisional Court's history, from its founding as a specialist court for judicial review to its gradually expanding jurisdiction. The article then turns to the present by: looking at the types of cases that are prescribed to the Divisional Court's jurisdiction; comprehensively analyzing every Divisional Court decision from 2018 and 2019; looking at cases where it was disputed whether a matter was properly before the Divisional Court; and critically analyzing the status quo. In light of this analysis of the Divisional Court's past and present, the article then proceeds to critically analyze the future of the Court. The author argues that the Divisional Court be abolished, with matters currently in its jurisdiction subsumed into the jurisdiction of either the Superior Court or Court of Appeal, in light of six rules:All judicial reviews and statutory appeals of administrative decisions proceed before single judges of the Superior Court, unless a statute clearly provides otherwise;All orders of masters, whether interlocutory or final, may be appealed to a single Superior Court judge, with leave;All appeals of orders of Superior Court judges proceed to the Court of Appeal, with leave in the case of interlocutory orders, or as of right in the case of final orders;There be no distinctions as to appellate routes based on the monetary values of judgments under appeal;Decisions of the Small Claims Court can be appealed to single judges of the Superior Court; andThe foregoing can be amended by the legislature specifically prescribing that a matter proceed in another manner.To the extent that complete abolition is not pragmatic, this article argues that the Divisional Court's jurisdiction be confined to narrower and more predictable circumstances, and offers suggestions regarding how this could be achieved in light of the Divisional Court's purpose, history, and present docket. This will facilitate access to justice by resulting in better use of judicial resources, give Ontario a comparable procedure to other provinces, and reduce interlocutory wrangling that delays cases from being resolved on their merits.