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This paper deals with some aspects in the relationships among Canadian molder locals, American molder locals and the binational organization.

SummaryThe purpose of this paper is to examine the degree of alignment of organizational strategies with two types of telework using Statistics Canada's 2005 Workplace and Employee Survey data. In this paper, we intentionally use the most inclusive definition of telework, because we are interested in all cases where an employee works from home at least some of the time. We consider telework to be ‘employee-oriented' when an employee works at home to address his and her family-related or personal wants or needs, and ‘employer-oriented' when an employee works at home due to the employer's strategic or operational objectives. The three organizational strategies that we considered were innovation, involvement, and cost-containment. We found that employers focusing on innovation were significantly more likely than other employers to use both types of telework, with greater emphasis on employee-oriented telework, whereas employers using an involvement strategy were less likely to use either type of telework, albeit at only a weak level of significance. Moreover, we did not find a statistical relationship between the cost containment strategy and either type of telework. We hypothesized that employee-oriented telework would be more common among workers in workplaces focusing on innovation or involvement, but less common among workers in workplaces focusing on cost containment. We hypothesized the reverse situation for the incidence of employer-oriented telework. On the whole, the results suggested that employers are not universally aligning the implementation of the two types of telework with their organizational strategies. Rather, either telework is not commonly used as a strategic tool or, alternatively, the strategic implementation of these two types of telework is more contingent upon other organizational or employee factors in specific circumstances.

Keywords: telework, home-based work, innovation, cost-containment, work-family balance, télétravail, travail à domicile, innovation, réduction des coûts, conciliation travail-famille, teletrabajo, trabajo a domicilio, régimen de trabajo flexible, innovación, conciliación trabajo-familia

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of experts, surveys and statistics was put at the forefront of the management of the health crisis in Quebec. This situation gives rise to fears of governance by experts (epistocracy) and by numbers (numerocracy). The analysis of the legislation and cases related to public health measures shows that it is complex to conclude to the existence of epistocracy and numeracy. This article proposes a legal framework for analyzing these normative phenomena, namely that of the law of governance. The law of governance offers another explanation for expertise and information, as these are understood as legitimizing data for decisions made during the health crisis. From this perspective, it is less about governance by experts and numbers, but more about governance with experts and numbers.

Keywords: Gouvernance, crise sanitaire, experts, sondages, statistiques, Governance, crisis health, experts, surveys, statistics

Many research studies have examined the impact of mentoring on career success. However, additional studies are needed to understand this relationship, because it is clear that the majority of research conducted so far has obscured the bi-dimensionality of each of these two constructs. In addition, given the specificities of women, we believe that understanding the impact of mentorship on career success would be enhanced by gender mainstreaming.The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that gender plays a moderating role between the received mentorship—valued by its two instrumental and psychosocial functions—and both objective and subjective career success. Structural equations, including multi-group analyses, were conducted using data collected in the Tunisian banking sector from 237 middle and senior managers.Our results show that women get fewer promotions and seem less satisfied with their careers. In addition, women perceive they receive less support from their mentor, especially psychosocial. While this research demonstrates that for men, as for women, mentor support is associated with objective career success, this is not the case for the type of mentorship that led to this success. Thus, only the instrumental function favors the advancement of women, unlike men, whose advancement is related solely to the psychosocial function of mentoring. Finally, this study indicates the lack of a direct link between the roles of mentorship and subjective success for both men and women. However, our results reveal an indirect effect of psychosocial mentoring on men's subjective success through their objective success.

Keywords: mentorat instrumental, mentorat psychosocial, réussite de carrière objective, réussite de carrière subjective, genre, instrumental mentoring, psychosocial mentoring, objective career success, subjective career success, gender, mentorado instrumental, mentorado sicosocial, éxito objetivo de carrera, éxito subjetivo de carrera

This paper examines the rise and fall of research and development funding programs for upper-limb myoelectric prosthetics in America and Canada from 1945 to 1977. Despite similarities in overall technological goals, to produce electronic arms and hands for veterans in the US and children with phocomelic limbs in Canada, we argue that the reasons for starting and ending the programs reflected different national preoccupations. In the US the reasons for the creation in 1945 and termination in 1977 of funding programs focused on the lack of fundamental research in the field, and role that science could have in the development and design in prosthetics. In Canada, by contrast, there was little discussion about science and its relationship to technology in knowledge creation when the prosthetics research and training unit (PRTU) funding program was founded in 1963 and wound up in 1975. Instead, the policy discussion focused on the importance of regional representation and relationships among different professional groups and sectors of society.

Keywords: research policy, prosthetics, artificial limbs, Canada, USA

Adopting a neo-structural perspective (Moore, 1990; Ibarra, 1995; Burt, 1995, 1998; Lin, 1995; Lazega, 2011, 2012), the present paper investigates the societal and organizational resistances (structural effect) and the relational biases (networking effect) hindering the professional advancement of women-managers in the American firms. Complementary to the (new) affirmative action policies, the cooptation mentoring and the intra-organizational affinity groups are aimed at supporting the professional integration of women-managers through the development of their organizational networks. Nevertheless, these organizational devices rely upon two distinct (assimilative vs. affiitary) logics of professional socialization.

Keywords: Genre, capital social, réseaux, carrière, Etats-Unis, socialisation affinitaire, mentoring, Gender, social capital, networks, career, United-States, affinitary socialization, mentoring, género, capital social, redes, carrera profesional, Estados Unidos, socialización afinitaria, mentoring

Scholarship at the interface of ethics, leadership and organizations in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is still scarce. We draw from literature about leadership in Africa to identify three research streams (functional, cultural, and critical) and use these streams to make sense of research on ethics, organizations and leadership in SSA, as well as to analyze opportunities for research. We propose four interpretative approaches allowing the advancement of research in the field of ethical leadership in SSA. More diverse research on SSA is important for it allows the development of textured theories on the context and opens possibilities for revitalizing organization theory.

Keywords: Ethics, leadership, Sub-Saharan Africa, Cultural values, Post-colonial theory, Éthique, leadership, Afrique sub-saharienne, valeurs culturelles, théorie post-coloniale, Ética, liderazgo, África subsahariana, valores culturales, teoría poscolonial

AbstractIn 2001, Cay Dollerup and Silvana Orel-Kos from Tampere University revealed how co-printing was a common practice in the translation of children's books. More recently, based on his analysis of a corpus of how-to titles published in France, Christian Robin (2006) suggested that, in this particular sector, co-publishing had become the norm. But what about the other sectors of the industry? How widespread is international co-publishing really? What forms can it take? What are the consequences of such international partnerships for publishers, translators, and for those who study their practices: translation scholars? This essay proposes some tentative answers to these questions. Drawing on the practice of several Québec publishers and translators, this discussion aims to highlight how co-publishing is no longer exclusive to minor languages or illustrated books, but rather has tended to spread to other sectors of the industry, including the most “literary” ones, as well as to international languages. It explores finally the theoretical and practical implications of this fact.

Keywords: coédition, coproduction, traduction, Québec, mondialisation

Recent works on social responsibility (SR) and sustainable development in small and medium size enterprises have demonstrated that owner-managers of small businesses (SB) often adopt sustainable practices not only (or mainly) because of conviction, but also (and more particularly) because they gain, or hope to gain, economic benefits. The objective of this study is to analyse the influence of individual characteristics of SB's owner-managers on their adherence to the business case argument for their firms' involvement in SR. The study was conducted on a sample of 188 Canadian businesses with less than 100 employees. Results show that while the owner-managers' gender, age, experience and training do not explain their adherence to the business case argument for their firms' involvement in SR, personal values measured in terms of ethics and local territorial belonging, as well as an objective for the long term survival of the business, are positively linked to the business case argument for SR. More specifically, results show a significant and positive relationship with owner-manager's ethical activism as it is perceived to help them gain legitimacy and facilitate access to new markets.

Keywords: Argument économique, Responsabilité sociale, Petite entreprise, PME, Dirigeant, Business case, Corporate social responsibility, Small business, SME, Entrepreneur, Argumento económico, Responsabilidad social, Pequeña empresa, PyME, Directivo