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This brief thirty-year history of Lexicons of Early Modern English, an online database of glossaries and dictionaries of the period, begins in a fourteenth-floor Robarts Library lab of the Centre for Computing and the Humanities at the University of Toronto in 1986. It was first published freely online in 1996 as the Early Modern English Dictionaries Database. Ten years later, in a seventh-floor lab also in the Robarts Library, it came out as LEME, thanks to support from TAPoR (Text Analysis Portal for Research) and the University of Toronto Press and Library. No other modern language has such a resource. The most important reason for the emergence, survival, and growth of LEME is that its contemporary lexicographers understood their language differently from how we, our many advantages notwithstanding, have conceived it over the past two centuries.

The Records of Early English Drama, founded in 1976, remains a productive humanities research project, with thirty-three volumes in print and two open access research and educational websites to date. This retrospective essay reflects on the individuals who contributed to its founding and evolution; the establishment of systematic research and editorial principles for an international team of contributors; the challenges of funding a collaborative enterprise with long term goals; some of its key contributions to the field of theatre history; and the transition from a print-based series to REED Online, a multi-faceted digital enterprise. In summary, while the re-envisioning of REED as an interoperable research and educational online resource represents a major shift in editorial and publication processes, the core values of the project remain intact: to work together in interdisciplinary collaboration with like-minded partners to deliver the results of systematic research in early theatre to as wide an audience as possible in the twenty-first century.

From an intersectional perspective, the situational and inherent vulnerability faced by two young asylum seekers in Catalonia, Spain, were analyzed through case studies that illustrate how these young people navigated within unpredictable and changing environments that hampered their embedded agency. Their settlement as social navigation highlights the temporal dimensions of the migration process. Waiting was also a key element that marked and regulated their settlement from a normative, relational, and existential dimension. The results highlight downward social mobility and precarious integration into the host society due to institutional, structural, and socio-cultural constraints.

Keywords: jeunes demandeurs d'asile, young asylum seekers, discrimination intersectionelle et vulnérabilité intersectionelle, intersectional discrimination, navigation sociale, intersectional vulnerability, social navigation, agence intégrée, mobilité sociale à la baisse, embedded agency, downward social mobility

This contribution documents the professional integration of novice second-career teachers working in technical and vocational schools. We studied the experiences of this particular population of teachers through a qualitative study design with seven participants. The results highlight the harshness, difficulty, and complexity of this process. They experience institutional, organizational, and individual difficulties. In particular, the familiarization with the school as a new workplace is experienced as a complex process. The conclusions of the study provide insights on the consequences of the legal framework regulating access for second-career teachers to the teaching profession and the necessary training and support for these kinds of teachers.

Keywords: Second-career teachers, Enseignants de deuxième carrière, teacher integration, Insertion professionnelle, novice teachers, Enseignants novices, professional transition, Transition professionnelle, work socialization, Socialisation au travail

The rural world is characterized by its great diversity. The rural localities of Atlantic Canada are no exception to this observation, particularly in demographic terms, as they evolve in one direction or the other depending on various factors, both cyclical/economic and structural. The objective of this article is to illustrate the main evolutionary trajectories of the demography of rural areas in Atlantic Canada at various geographic scales between 1981 and 2021. The analysis is carried out by considering the demographic size strata of the localities as well as their rate of evolution over this period. It reveals, in the space of 40 years, a general depopulation of the rural population, mainly because of the decline observed in many localities of Newfoundland and Labrador and, to a lesser extent, in the three Maritime provinces. However, the 2016-2021 period is marked by a demographic break characterized by a rise in the rural population, probably due to the pandemic, with the exception of Newfoundland and Labrador.

Keywords: Dépeuplement, Depopulation rurality, ruralité, Atlantic Canada, Canada atlantique, demography, démographie

Formal spatial planning procedures tend to neglect the importance of socio-cultural elements that are inherently present as part of 'soft infrastructure' and are constituted from traditions, lifestyles, wishes, and the routines of individuals that form a local community. In contrast, the concept of cultural sustainability is closely linked with the socio-cultural heterogeneity of a local community. The inability of the formal spatial planning system in Slovenia to adequately engage with the social wishes and resistances of residents is highlighted in situations involving problematic confrontations between the members of the dominant 'common culture' and marginal groups. Two cases from Ljubljana are presented: the stigmatization of the Fužine neighbourhood and the problematic of mosque construction. The cases illustrate that the 'majority' of residents tend to perceive many subcultural representations in space as foreign, non-indigenous elements that could disrupt the everyday routine in a local community. They show how the deficiencies of the current spatial planning system in Slovenia are unable to address challenges posed by contemporary society's cultural, social, and economic transformations and can work quite the opposite way – by increasing the complexity (and level of difficulty) for possible implementation of measures supporting cultural heterogeneity in planning practice.

Keywords: Cultural sustainability, durabilité culturelle, planification spatiale, spatial planning, culture en commun, common culture, social exclusion, exclusion sociale, cost-benefit analysis, analyse coûts-bénéfices, NIMBY, NIMBY

Sustainable development represents one of the leading concepts of modern society. On the local level, sustainable development principles are implemented by Local Agenda 21 (LA 21), the most influential output of the 1992 Earth Summit. Although culture is not explicitly mentioned in its definitions of sustainable development, there are close links between culture, on one side, and the economic, social, and ecological dimensions of sustainable development, on the other. Culture is an important factor of social cohesion and economic development, and culturally led urban and rural regeneration projects may have also positive ecological impacts. Moreover, the efforts to maintain local culture may be the main impetus in accepting the LA 21 principles in culturally rich communities.This article assesses the importance of culture in the LA 21 implementation process, with two municipalities from the Czech Republic as case studies. Findings point to complex links between LA 21 and culture. Uherské Hradiště is a culturally rich city that is progressive in the LA 21 implementation process; however, our findings show that LA 21 and culture live independent lives in planning processes. Zděchov tells a completely different story of the relationship between culture and LA 21: here, local culture has become the leitmotif of the LA 21 implementation process. The goal to maintain and develop local culture has been the prime motivation behind the decision to accept the LA 21 principles. The case studies share several common characteristics. In both cases, LA 21 has stimulated public interest in both municipalities, and ever more local actors are getting involved in the LA 21 implementation process. A combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches has been applied in this process. LA 21 is also perceived as a good brand for project management, and may be an incentive for innovations in strategic planning.

Keywords: Local Agenda 21, Local Agenda 21, culture, culture, sustainable development, développement durable, Czech Republic, planification stratégique, strategic planning, République Tchèque

The 21st century world of work is, like the global socio-economic context, fluid and unpredictable. This instability means that workers have to undergo or choose career breaks. According to Savickas et al. (2009), guidance programs must now be part of the «life designing» paradigm, with the aim of developing individuals' career adaptability skills. Career adaptability is a psychosocial construct that refers to the resources an individual can mobilize to anticipate change and his or her future in changing contexts (Savickas and Porfeli, 2012). This article focuses on assessing the impact on career adaptability of a training course designed according to the «life designing» paradigm to support adults facing career changes. This is an original contribution because, to our knowledge, no such study exists in the literature to assess the effectiveness of a «life designing» course for employed or unemployed adults. This micro-longitudinal study involved 94 volunteer participants (63 women, 31 men), all French professionals with advanced degrees, who completed a questionnaire on career adaptability at the start, during, and at the end of the training. Career adaptability was assessed across four dimensions (Awareness, Control, Curiosity, and Confidence). Results indicate a significant increase in participants' perceived level of adaptability in each dimension between the start and end of the training program. A discussion opens the way to assessing the sustainability of these increased levels of adaptability over the long term, making it possible to devise pragmatic support solutions for the adult population facing trauma or having to anticipate changes in their professional trajectory.

Keywords: Adults group career construction counseling, Construction de carrière pour les adultes, Career intervention, Aide à l’orientation, Life designing, Adaptabilité de carrière, Paradigme « construire sa vie », Career adaptability, Life-long learning, Formation tout au long de la vie

This paper examines the pervasive discourse of disruption in OER literature by recounting a facilitated conversation hosted at the 2023 Open Education Global conference held in Edmonton, Alberta. This dialogue used Bacchi’s “what is the problem represented to be” (WPR) approach to structure the conversation in four movements. The first movement problematized the concept of OER by discussing the educational challenges OER supposedly addresses, such as the high cost of textbooks. The second movement considered the genealogy, historical development, and philosophical underpinnings of OER. The third movement accounted for the disruptors within the OER movement, exploring what OER have disrupted and discussing if disruption is even a legitimate goal of OER. The fourth and final movement pivoted to examine resistors and forms of resistance to OER, including the protection of intellectual property rights, copyright concerns, and Marcuse’s idea of repressive tolerance. This single conversation generated a small but important piece of social intelligence within a much larger dialogue about open education, open pedagogy, and OER during a time of flux (characterized by intense politicization, the relentless progression of educational technology, the intensification of marketization, and the growing popularity of all-inclusive textbooks). This social intelligence can be used to guide the next transition phase for OER development. While the conversation does not offer tidy solutions or even clear recommendations, it does suggest that the next wave of OER practitioners would always do well to focus on the goals OER can achieve, not what they hope to disrupt.

Keywords: open educational resources, OER, Carol Bacchi, disruption, textbooks

This exploratory essay foregrounds the extraction and enclosure cycle between education technology (ed-tech) vendors and public academic special collections and archives departments. Education technology vendors, subsidiaries of academic publishers, often approach special collections libraries and archives with offers to digitize collections through services that McLaughlin et al. (2023) describe as open wrapping or freemium proposals. Since there seems to be no turning back, information professionals in public academic settings should, among other solutions, encourage decision-makers to negotiate preservation and conservation of physical archival materials. Drawing from the literature on commons practices, this essay introduces the concept of reciprocal relations to agreements between cultural heritage institutions and ed-tech companies. A reciprocal approach would disrupt the extraction and enclosure cycle and highlights the professional’s role as a steward of cultural heritage collections with an understanding that digitization is not preservation. Further, it would compel private sector companies to invest in the public sector instead of simply extracting public resources for profit.

Keywords: archives, archives, enclosure, collections spéciales, enclos, openwashing, ouvertisation, special collections libraries, souscommuns, undercommons