Documents found
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171.More information
AbstractMy analysis examines memory and identity constructions among three generations of Montreal Jews of Moroccan origin. Emphasis is placed on opinions towards ultra-orthodox movements which reveal positioning of their own Jewish and Sephardic identity, in a differentiating process from their Ashkenazim fellow Jews. Analysis of relations to the past and memory constructions, as well as the historiography of relations between Ashkenazim and Sephardim since the 1492 expulsion from Spain, results in a partial questioning of these two ethno-religious categories. Like memory's social frames, the notion of frontier sheds light on contemporary processes of representations of self and others, inside this diasporic entity, therefore negotiating, at once, its relations with the local society, its internal frontiers and its transnational dynamics.
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172.More information
This article probes the capacity of the water user associations in Morocco (AUEA) to strengthen the social and political positions of their leaders. More specifically, it asks whether these leaders thereby gain a new throughput legitimacy, based on election and the claim to represent a group; and an output legitimacy rooted in the regular delivery of a valuable service. To assess it, we study the – still ongoing-planning process of a small irrigated area (300 ha) located nearby Casablanca. At first glance, the project seems conducive to both types of legitimization. Because it is one of the only water user associations in the region, it can plausibly offer its directors a distinctive throughput legitimacy; while their output legitimacy might be enhanced by a project that is technologically innovative, as the water comes from a wastewater treatment plant. Despite these auspicious conditions, we show that the directors have seen their legitimacy weakened, both because of the deep social divisions within the group they must represent, and of the multiple delays surrounding the service delivery. Beyond circumstantial explanations, we identify a structural cause to these difficulties: the tension between a logic of participatory offloading by the Moroccan State, and the simultaneous reassertion of a developmental State that centralizes decisions and concentrates resources.
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180.More information
The fluvio-lacustrine and volcanic Plio-Quaternary hydrogeological aquifer system is located in a recently collapsed subsidence zone between Timahdite and Almis Guigou in the Moroccan Middle Atlas. The study area is essentially occupied by agricultural areas, characterized by a high use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides which represents, in addition to domestic sewage, a permanent risk to groundwater quality. We have studied the vulnerability to pollution of the regional superficial groundwater using two methods, DRASTIC and SI, with the software ArcGIS 9.3 and Erdas Imagine 8.4. The validity of these two methods was tested by comparing the distribution of nitrates in groundwater and the different classes of vulnerability. Three classes of pollution vulnerability degrees were identified by the two methods (low, average and high). The middle degree of vulnerability class is most dominant with 60% for the DRASTIC method and 49.81% for SI method. The coincidence rate of the groundwater nitrate concentrations with the different vulnerability classes established is 76.92% and 61.54%, respectively for the SI and DRASTIC methods. From this coincidence rate, the SI method seems better for assessing the vulnerability to nitrate pollution.
Keywords: méthode DRASTIC, méthode SI, vulnérabilité, occupation du sol, ETM+, nappe superficielle, nitrates, Timahdite-Almis Guigou, Moyen Atlas, Maroc, DRASTIC method, SI method, vulnerability, land use, ETM+, Timahdite-Almis Guigou, superficial aquifer, nitrates, Middle Atlas, Morocco