Search Results

Sub-Saharan people who have crossed geographical borders to reach Morocco before they undertake the crossing to Europe discover that they are carriers of a border that is just as difficult to cross. These people become “black” on migration routes and experience racism. They try, as best they can, to adapt to what is an additional obstacle, and not the least, on their journey: they discover themselves the representatives of a radical otherness inscribed in their bodies. Their experience tells us that racism is multifaceted. It calls together the ideologies of slavery, colonialism, supremacism and articulates them with a contemporary image of the black African landing on the beaches of Spain, Italy, Greece from the Libyan, Moroccan or Tunisian coasts. At the intersection of the colonial and slave-holding vision of the Black and of the current African migrants, Sub-Saharan people suffer both racial and social otherness.

Keywords: « Subsaharien », nanoracisme, Noir, altérité, migration, Sub-Saharan, nanoracism, Black, otherness, migration, “Subsahariano”, nano-racismo, Negro, alteridad, migración

Objectives: The objective of this article is to investigate the levers of diversity policies that would be particularly effective in Morocco, as well as the obstacles to the careers of female managers.Research interest: Since diversity policies are based on Western management models, Moroccan idiosyncrasies may reduce their impact. Our research interest lies in the identification of the effective levers of a diversity policy in Morocco, a country that still shows strong gender inequalities, particularly in managerial functions.Methodology: Data were collected in Morocco through 36 semi-structured interviews in six companies with female managers, CEOs and Human Resource Directors.Results: The results list the classic obstacles to women managers' careers as well as the levers of diversity policies that would be particularly effective in Morocco.Contributions and managerial implications: Companies will find in this article the main levers for deploying diversity policies in a Moroccan context. HR directors will also find a list of obstacles to the managerial careers of Moroccan women and guidance on how to tackle them.Limitations: Social desirability bias and small sample size are the main limitations of this paper.

Keywords: diversité, inclusion, carrière, femmes, managers, Maroc, diversity, inclusion, career, women, managers, Morocco

SummaryThe Upper Moulouya Basin was the location of extensive lead mining between 1930 and 1985, with three major operations near Aouli, Mibladen and Zeïda. The Moulouya drains about 7.5% of the Moroccan territory and provides drinking and irrigation water to many communities over its more than 500 km path. It is thus important to determine the impact of past mining activities on its water quality, since the mining sites were abandoned with little or no rehabilitation. This paper focuses on the Zeïda area, the uppermost of these mining centres on the Moulouya.About 630,172 t of lead concentrates (40‑70% Pb) were produced between 1972 and 1985 at Zeïda. Lead was mined from carbonate and sulphide mineral deposits (cerussite, 70%; galena, 30%) mixed with barite in stratiform ore bodies hosted by Permo-Triassic arkoses. Mining left 12 Mt and 70 Mt of tailings and wastes in fully exposed piles on each side of the Moulouya, as well as a dozen water-filled open-stopes. Mine drainage is of neutral pH, thanks to the low content of residual sulphide minerals and the availability of carbonate in the tailings and host rock. The river and some quarry-lakes are tapped to fulfill domestic, agricultural and stock-breeding needs. One lake is used to directly feed Zeïda's water network (pop. 3,000), without any water treatment.The Moulouya, upstream and downstream of Zeïda, and four lakes were sampled twice in 2002 (dry period: February; wet period: April). Temperature, electric conductivity (EC), Eh and pH were measured in the field. Samples were filtered through 0.45 µm membranes. The filtrates were preserved with 4% HNO3 and kept at 4°C until analysis. The filters and their particulate fraction, as well as a composite sample of the tailings, were dried and kept dry until dissolution and analysis. All measurements were performed by ICP-MS and capillary electrophoresis analyses.Lead and arsenic are well above « normal » concentrations in the tailings, at 5,547 g/t and 192 g/t, respectively. These elements are clear threats to population health, since dust from unstabilized tailings can be dispersed by wind and rain waters, contaminating agricultural soils and surface waters, and eventually leading to cases of saturnism or arsenical intoxication in the population. All Pb and As concentrations measured in the waters sampled are above the World Health Organisation criteria for drinking water (10 µg/L for Pb and As). Nevertheless, about half of these measurements meet the Moroccan criteria (50 µg/L). All samples show near neutral or slightly basic pH values (7.2-8.9). EC is also high (> 1,000 µS/cm).As and Pb are largely associated with the particulate fraction (> 80% of total As and Pb), except for As in two lakes (< 40%). Overall, their concentrations are higher in the Zeïda area than upstream in the Moulouya. However, this is a tendency rather than a rule, because the differences are often small (< 50%) and suffer exceptions. For instance, Pb concentrations are 60% lower than the so-called uncontaminated reference station, in two quarry-lakes sampled during the wet period. The occasional lack of significant and consistent contrast between an obviously degraded environment and a pristine site was unexpected. The results were therefore further investigated, in order to identify possible explanations for the apparent discrepancies.Coherency in the data set emerges when one considers the relative importance of dissolved and particulate transport in the various types of environments sampled. Using this interpretation scheme, EC is considered as an indicator of solute transportation, since EC is a function of dissolved ionic components. Total Pb is regarded as an indicator of particulate transportation, since Pb is strongly adsorbed to particulate substrates at the pH observed. Following these assumptions, particulate transport appears to dominate over dissolved transportation in the Moulouya. Total Pb increases by factors of 3.4 and 9.8 from dry to wet periods, whereas EC decreases by 0.7-0.8, as a result of rain dilution. In two of the four lakes, dissolved transport is comparatively more important, since EC does not change significantly and total Pb shows only a small increase from the dry to the wet period. In these lakes, the dissolved input during the rainy period appears to be large enough to keep EC at its previous value, without significant dilution, as opposed to what is going on in the Moulouya. In the two other lakes, both EC and total Pb decrease from the dry to the wet period, pointing to dilution effects greater than either dissolved or particulate mobilization.Apparent discrepancies in the intensity and direction of variations are explained when prevailing modes of dispersion are taken into account. For instance, the enrichment factor of total Pb in the Moulouya, downstream of Zeïda, jumps from 1.1 (dry) to 3.2 (wet), with respect to the reference station. Meanwhile, EC increases only from 1.2 (dry) to 1.5 (wet). The greater increase of total Pb over EC is explained by prevalent particulate transport. In another case, the enrichment of EC with respect to the reference station, in two lakes, increases from 14.2 and 20.4 (dry) to 20.1 and 27.9 (wet) while total Pb enrichment decreases from 2.0 and 2.0 (dry) to 1.6 and 1.3 (wet). Here, the prevalence of dissolved transport in these two lakes, combined with particulate transport at the reference station, allow for a strong increase in the EC parameter, concurrent with a weak increase in total Pb. Finally, in the lakes where both dissolved and particulate transport are presumably minor, total Pb undergoes enrichment with respect to the reference station, in the dry period (by 3.4 and 1.8), whereas depletion characterizes the wet period (0.6 in both lakes). In this case, enrichment is likely the result of evaporation during the dry season, and depletion the result of dilution by rain during the wet period. These two types of lake behave differently because they are located next to residual mineral deposits (likely with more soluble phases), have short travel distances and thus fewer contacts with adsorbing substrates, which is not the case for the other two lakes.

Keywords: Mine Zeïda, Moulouya, Pb et As, pollution, eau, résidus miniers, Zeïda Mine, Moulouya, Pb and As, pollution, water, mine tailings

While various female authors have dealt with the changes in positionality implied by doing research as a feminist, few have lingered over what it means to do research in an Arab-Amazigh society with a Muslim majority as a native researcher (or insider). This article reviews, from the perspective of positional intersectional feminism, prior research focused on battered women in a working-class area near Rabat, and then provides possible explanations for methodological issues such as access in solidarity to a sensitive field, presentation to research subjects from the same social background, creating various kinds of relationships of trust and collecting painful stories. Beyond data construction, the article proposes a consideration of how to analyze the results, whether by giving meaning to cultural and religious justifications for domestic violence or by reporting on its intergenerational and inter-class manifestations among women.

In recent years, Morocco has experienced an increase in temperatures and a decrease in precipitation, resulting in adverse effects on resource productivity, population well-being, and heightened vulnerability. This study focuses on analyzing the perceptions of the local population regarding the impacts of climate change on their livelihoods. The research was conducted in the mountainous area of the Beni Mellal-Khénifra region, Morocco, employing a participatory approach through seven workshops and twenty semi-structured interviews. In addition to qualitative methods, data were gathered from various sources, including statistics from the National Agency for Water and Forests, the Office for Development Cooperation, the High Commission for Planning, and the Department of Agriculture. The assessment of vulnerability through livelihoods and the measurement of the criticality of climate impacts (specifically droughts and floods) were integral to the research. The findings revealed that drought was perceived as the most significant hazard affecting resources, followed by floods. Utilizing a vulnerability matrix, resources were categorized into three groups based on their susceptibility to climate change: i) highly vulnerable resources (agricultural land, livestock, and arboriculture), ii) vulnerable resources (water resources, forests, and economic resources tied to cereal cultivation, beekeeping, and market gardening); and iii) moderately vulnerable resources, comprising those impacted by flooding (human lives, equipment, and material goods).

Keywords: moyens d’existence, communautés, vulnérabilité, changement climatique, l’évaluation participative de la vulnérabilité, Beni-Mellal-Khénifra, livelihoods, communities, vulnerability, climate change, participatory vulnerability assessment, Beni-Mellal-Khénifra

The Moulouya wadi and its tributaries are the main water resources for irrigating the neighbouring agricultural fields of the Berkane region, which constitute the main activity of this region. Assessing the water quality of these resources is necessary to maintain their functioning and ensure a good yield for agricultural products. To do this, a monthly water sampling was carried out in the wadi of Moulouya and its tributary Zegzel-Cherâa for one year from December 2015 to November 2016. The samples were subjected to bacteriological analyses according to the protocols described by the Moroccan ISO standards and the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). The bacteriological analyses showed that the wadi of Cherâa is subjected to a strong pollution of human and animal origins, with a predominance of the human source. Indeed, the bacterial load (total coliforms, faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, faecal streptococci, etc.) is higher than the Moroccan standards of the State Secretariat at the Ministry of Energy, Mines, Water, and Environment (SEEE, 2007) indicating that the waters are of poor quality. The explanatory analysis (PCA) carried out on the studied variables highlighted a pollution gradient for the wadi Cherâa and also showed that the autumn was the season most polluted with higher loads of indicator bacteria. The abundance of these microorganisms in streams reflects the possible presence of pathogenic bacteria that could cause disease in populations that use these waters for drinking and irrigation. The waters of the wadi Cherâa are unfit for consumption.

Keywords: Berkane, oued Moulouya, Zegzel-Cherâa, bactériologie, qualité, Berkane, Wadi Moulouya, Zegzel-Cherâa, bacteriology, quality

Introduction Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric condition and one of the most common psychiatric disorders. This study aims to analyze the prescribing habits of Moroccan psychiatrists for OCD, identify deviations from international recommendations, and explore potential differences in prescribing practices based on medical status (resident or psychiatrist), practice sector (public or private), and type of establishment (university hospital or other).

Keywords: trouble obsessionnel compulsif, traitement, psychiatres, résidents, Maroc, obsessive-compulsive disorder, treatment, psychiatrists, residents, Morocco

This current work is about the study of the dietary regime of two species of rainbow trout. The Moroccan kind is a cross breed of the European and North American Rainbow trout and the Bulgarian trout introduced into Morocco since 1987.The environments of study are two stretches of water in the "Moyen-Atlas" (Amghass I and Amghass II), which present water of good physical and chemical quality and are of quite important biological diversity.To determine the dietary preferences of the two species, we evaluated several parameters: the dietary spectrum which is determined by the relative abundance and the coefficient of occurence of ingested prey, the index alimentary of Lauzanne for the different categories of prey and how predatory the trout areThe results have shown a similarity in the level of dietary regimes of the two populations outlined by a clear preference for larvae and nymph insects which are considered to be essential prey.

Keywords: Régime alimentaire, truite arc-en-ciel marocaine, truite arc-en-ciel bulgare, plans d'eau, insectes, Moroccan rainbow trout, bulgarian rainbow trout, dietary regime, stretch of water, insects

The relative usefulness of conventional and alternative breeding methods relies on the evolution of genetic variability in segregating populations undergoing selection. The objective of this study was to compare the frequencies of genetic resistance to Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) in populations generated by two conventional breeding methods in comparison with lines advanced through doubled haploid method. Distribution and proportions of Hessian fly resistance were evaluated in four populations of bread wheat lines advanced through 'Single Seed Descent' (SSD), 'Bulk', and doubled-haploid (DH) methods. These populations were all derived from crosses involving resistant parents and susceptible lines adapted to Moroccan conditions. The results of this study have shown a clear effect of the breeding method. The Bulk and SSD (F6) derived lines have shown a substantial residual heterozygocity while DH method has produced completely homozygous material. The observed proportions of resistance did not deviate from expected in the populations of lines derived through SSD and DH methods while evidence of natural selection for resistance was significant in the lines derived through the Bulk method.