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AbstractA change in rainfall will likely cause a change in the availability of water resources, and impacts on the human population should be important. Water resources are also subject to anthropogenic pressure that continues to grow: change of land use, dam construction, and groundwater withdrawals. The catchment basin of Wadi Mina, around 6,000 km2, located in northwest Algeria and tributary of the Wadi Cheliff, experiences a significant spatial and temporal variability of rainfall and discharges. The regionalization of the annual rainfall for this basin was conducted using data from 26 rainfall stations with 77 years of observations (1930-2007). Using statistical tests for detecting breaks in time series, we showed a decrease of 19-20% in annual rainfall over the Wadi Mina basin, mostly around 1976, and a break in time series of monthly and annual discharges at five gauging stations, starting in the mid-1970s and continuing until the 1980s. Over the whole studied discharge time series, we detected a decrease for all months, but it is mainly during the months of February, March and April, i.e., the end of the humid season, that they are the most significant. During recent years, no trend has been observed. At this scale, rainfall actually decreases significantly and steeply since 1960. Climate change currently affecting the Mediterranean is likely to have important consequences on the hydrological regimes of coastal rivers.

Keywords: Pluviométrie, écoulement, oued Wadi Mina, vecteur régional, ruptures, Rainfall, discharges, Wadi Mina, regional vector, breaks

In recent years, the Québec state has been pursuing a “migratory utilitarianism” that the rhetoric of diversity merely extends. The implication behind its laws and policies seems to be that the high qualifications of migrants will preserve them from discrimination and racism and allow them to contribute to the economic development of Québec. Based on research carried out with forty skilled Moroccan migrants settled in Québec or returned to Morocco, this article first exposes the indicators on which identity attributions and forms of racism are based in their everyday lives. I then show how migrants classify and prioritize their experiences of racism. In the conclusion I discuss racism as a dynamic and a continuous experience and question how the rhetoric of diversity ultimately contributes to maintaining latent racism.

Keywords: Utilitarisme migratoire, diversité, discrimination, racisme vécu, Québec, Migratory utilitarianism, diversity, discrimination, experienced racism, Québec

The growing popularity of lifestyle mobilities is having important consequences on urban communities where these mobilities often play out. Mobile lifestyles contribute to the appropriation of built spaces by social classes with greater mobility than others, groups like retirees from high-income countries, who are experimenting with new ways of living and aging in a foreign culture. The emergence and popularity of these mobilities affect the circulation in and usage of urban space, particularly for lower-income urban residents. This article explores three UNESCO heritage cities affected by North-South lifestyle mobilities: Cuenca (Ecuador), Rabat (Morocco) and Lisbon (Portugal).

Keywords: Hayes, modes de vie mobiles, urbanisme patrimonial, transnationalisme, inégalités mondiales, Hayes, lifestyle mobilities, heritage urbanism, transnationalism, global inequality, Hayes, estilos de vida móviles, urbanismo patrimonial, trasnacionalismo, desigualdades mundiales

This article analyzes the community reparation program following the recommendations made by the Equity and Reconciliation Commission, the Moroccan Truth Commission, in 2005. The text examines the way international prescriptions about dealing with a violent past, the so-called "transitional justice", influence the local dynamics of elaboration and implementation of the program and how, at the same time, public policy follows paths that precedes it, at its different scales. The article highlights two processes. On the one hand, community reparation connects actors with different resources and positions: activists who have entered policy making, administrations, local authorities, NGOs, donors, implementing agency (Caisse des Dépôts et de Gestion). The Reparation is the subject of multiple investments which produce heterogeneous definitions of the program. On the other hand, community reparation is formulated in terms of governance and implemented in a managerial way: internationalization goes hand in hand with inclusion in a set of reforms carried out without affecting the balances of power. However, the field work reveals the deployment of unexpected politicizations. They operate in the program's funds appropriation, which confirms local leadership or offers the opportunity to deploy them, in a context of stress on resources.

This article examines the impact of proximity factors on intra-African trade intensity. Our contribution consists of the use of a gravity model with the consideration of geographical and economic distances. Our results show that the contrasting levels of trade integration within the RECs are likely to accentuate the asymmetry of continental integration, they reveal that economic distance has a positive and significant impact on the intensity of trade and suggest the strengthening of integration through regional value chains.

Keywords: Communautés économiques régionales, commerce intra-régional, Modèle de gravité, facteurs de proximité, Afrique, AfCFTA, regional integration, intra-African trade, proximity factors, bilateral intensities

Work, this central value over all time, continues to mar the common life of all social categories, including that of senior citizens. All homes, families and spaces are formed, directly or indirectly, around this value which never ceases to disappoint! In this new international division of labor, work and dignity do not seem to coexist for long as long as a significant part of workers try to give meaning to their work so as not to reduce it to a simple quest for bread. The most telling sign of this new configuration is that of the call centers where young engineers, masters and doctors perform repetitive activities in a routine system with very low added value, spending the day answering calls to give information or to make a sale via the net. This article takes an x-ray of the production process of these closed systems, designed to standardize tasks, minimize innovation and control exception.

Keywords: Centres d'appel, processus de production, standardisation, routine, gestion des ressources humaines, Call Centers, Production Process, Standardization, Routine, Human Resources Management