Documents found
-
2872.More information
One of the most intractable debates in the field of world politics concerns the linkage of systemic structure to international conflict. The dialogue has focused on the relative merits of bipolar versus multipolar and, more recently, polycentric structures. Advocates of each System have their adherents and, for some time now, have agreed to disagree. Most of the debate over structure and conflict thus far has been cast in terms that do not facilitate its resolution. The objective of this study is to work toward a more compelling empirical judgment of the competing claims. Specifically, that involves revision of the central concepts. Structure cannot be assessed only in terms of distribution of power; the concept also should incorporate the notion of autonomous decision centres. With respect to conflict, most commonly referred to as instability, war is held to be a less comprehensive measurement than international crisis. Renewed testing focuses on the linkage of structure to conflict as so defined. Data from the International Crisis Behaviour Project on 280 cases from 1929 to 1979 provide the evidence to compare the phases of structure. The differences that emerge among multipolarity, bipolarity and polycentrism with respect to patterns of conflict are generally consistent with theoretical expectations.
-
2875.
-
2877.More information
The first part of the text deals with a general review of old and contemporaneous landslides from Ottawa to the Saguenay area. Abundant litterature concerns 'the 1663 earthflow. Near 1840, geologists made study of phenomena of that kind. In sliding, water is the principal allien of clay and silt.Landslides, ravines, depressions, string bogs, paleo ice wedges and others micro phenomena invite the author to suggest the new hypothesis of discontinuous permafrost in Laurentia during Holocene Time. When the front of Indlandsis is in the Laurentides, coldness was linked with the proximity of glaciers. In other periods, as Boreal Time, one may think of a more like-periglacial climate. Ground ice could be of two types : ice wedges on exposed higher terraces and massive fields in the bottom of wides depressions (Saguenay, Mauricie). The melting of the discontinuous ice could be made according local conditions and general warming. This hypothesis may have facilitate slumping, fluvial dentritation along some ice wedges Systems, string vegetation patterns and some thermokarst depressions. The possible objection of palynologists comes into discussions. Ground ice could have been one agent, among others, controlling the evolution of the landscape in some sections of the St. Lawrence Lowlands.
-
2878.
-
2879.More information
The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics and determinants of international student migration from Ghana and Senegal. This article relies on new longitudinal data collected as part of the Migration between Africa and Europe project (MAFE). The use of this dataset allows us to compare the sociodemographic characteristics of national and international tertiary students. We first construct a typology of studies, professional and migration trajectories which shows that tertiary students are not a homogeneous group, and that international students are composed of two groups with distinct careers and outcomes. Our analyses also show that the main individual and familial determinants of access to higher education are gender and the educational level of the father. Even though some of the determinants of access to higher education abroad are not the same for Ghanaians and Senegalese, they are related to specific socio-cultural and family characteristics for both populations.
-
2880.More information
This paper analyses the impact of men's international labour migration on the income-generating activities of the women who stay in their communities of origin. Previous research has reached mixed conclusions. Some find that men's migration discourages the economic participation of their spouses left behind, increasing women's dependence on them. In contrast, others argue that the resources generated by migration help women to develop new activities. Our results, based on qualitative fieldwork conducted in a small village in the Senegalese River Valley, do not point to an increased economic dependence of migrants' wives following their husbands' migration. Women strive, more or less successfully, to capture part of the resources generated by the migration of their husbands or brothers in order to develop or reinforce their economic activities. However, several factors condition and constrain women's efforts in accessing these resources and increasing their economic autonomy.