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AbstractWithin the context of reflecting on Montreal, creative city, this article introduces the presence of the film industry within this context. First, the author explains the overall international film industry, then the strengths and weaknesses of the Montreal film industry, its importance, the synergies with other cultural industries, the availability of resources and its internationalization strategies are explained. There is the presence of a creative process that has helped the film industry to differentiate itself and has also benefited the other cultural industries as well as benefiting from them.

Keywords: ville créative, Montréal, industrie cinématographique, internationalisation, industries culturelles, creative city, Montreal, cinematographic industry, internationalization, cultural industries, ciudad creativa, Montreal, industria cinematográfica, internacionalización, industrias culturales

Day after day, the world is becoming more and more globalized. Financial movements, transports, means of communication facilitate the emergence of this phenomenon. Nevertheless, globalization is not without consequences on the local populations who perceive this evolution as a threat for their identity and their culture. Through the creation or resurgence of an offer of foodstuffs, and more particularly through a world and plethoric offer of local colas, the consumer is showing resistance and refuses to standardize his consumption. The commercial success of those altercolas cannot be denied and many dimensions are bound to their consumption.

Keywords: résistance à la mondialisation, réarmement identitaire, consommation identitaire, identité, construction identitaire, resistance to globalization, identical rearmament, identical consumption, identity, identical construction, resistencia a la globalización, la identidad de reinicio, la identidad del consumidor, la identidad, la construcción de identidad

This paper highlights the tensions that stem from the language-nationalism link in Acadian New Brunswick with regards to immigration policies and to the integration of francophone immigrants. It shows that the Acadian activist associations legitimize immigration through a modernist ideology of the nation that makes French language the main collective marker of identity. However, through the accounts of francophone immigrants, I identify two contradictions with respect to this linguistic nationalism: first, sharing a language does not necessarily imply a strong involvement in the “cause” of the minority; second, to be included as an Acadian, elements of legitimacy and solidarity other than language come into play.

Keywords: Acadie, langue, nationalisme, immigration, idéologie, Acadia, language, nationalism, immigration, ideology

This article aims at clarifying the legal debate concerning the conditionality of the "human rights" clause inserted in the European Union's external agreements. It also aims at fostering an understanding of it that is different from the approach that often posed this clause's conventionalization in opposition to the principles of International Law. By taking into account its conventional dimension, this article not only underlines the originality of the clause but, most importantly, it allows one to assess the implications of its formulation in terms of external public policy, especially when it comes to the International Law of treaties.

Keywords: Conditionnalité, droits de l'homme, Union européenne, accords externes, droit international des traités, suspension, politique juridique extérieure, Conditionality, human rights, European Union, external agreements, International Law of Treaties, suspension, external public policy

The notion that Civil Law countries are monist, while Common Law countries are dualist is challenged in this study. It looks at the application of treaties and of European Community Law in States belonging to either system. In each State, the solutions depend on particular factors. However, in all cases, national judges often hesitate to apply rules of international law, even within the framework of the European Union. This being said, domestic solutions cannot simply be explained on the basis of the legal system in which they are adopted. Indeed, when it comes to the application of treaties within their legal order, some Civil Law countries are dualist.

Keywords: Traités internationaux, Droit communautaire, Droit interne, Monisme, Dualisme, International Treaties, European Community Law, Domestic Law, Monism, Dualism

Polygamy, generally accepted as the state in which a man is legitimately married to two or more wives, is today a world phenomenon because of the importance of the immigration of individuals coming from countries in which this type of marriage is practised.As a very important issue, it is worth consideration from the judicial point of view and more pressingly from the point of view of private international law. In this regard, there is no doubt that a country like Cameroon which, by virtue of Article 49 of the Ordinance of 29 June 1981 fixing the organisation of civil status, admits polygamous union, the question of Polygamy in private international law poses an acute problem which must be analysed principally from the point of view of conflict of laws.Once envisaged from the angle of the conflict of laws, this question borders essentially on the determination of the applicable law to the polygamous marriage by way of formation of appropriate conflict of law rule on the one hand, and the putting in place of the determinant law on the other.From the insertion of polygamy in the category of marriage and precisely in the substantive conditions of marriage, with the consequence of attaching it principally to the personal law of the spouses, while taking into consideration the plurality of wives which characterises polygamous unions, we come out with a cameroonian solution which can be summarised as follows: the validity of a second marriage celebrated without the dissolution of the first depends firstly on the capacity of the spouses to contract a polygamous marriage with regard to their personal status; secondly on the determination of the nature of the first marriage by the cumulative application of the personal laws of the parties to that marriage and eventually the taking in account of their will.

The aim of this article is to describe and to understand the export process of small businesses and the structuration process of international activity of a small company. This work relies on an empirical investigation, case study, in a small business.

Keywords: PMI, Processus d'internationalisation, Modèles behavioristes, Dirigeant, Cohérence, Logiques industrielles et/ou sociales, Outil d'aide à la conception

This paper examines the revival of Inuit traditions in the Canadian Eastern Arctic in various ethnographic sources. It presents a comparison of various ritual practices that flourished in Nunavik and Nunavut in the last decade, and more particularly healing circles and practices inspired by shamanism and neo-shamanism. The paper explains how their foreign origin does not constitute a problem for the practices of the healing circles, whereas neo-shamanic ones are not yet accepted or used by the Inuit. The authors raise the question to what extent healing circles illustrate the revival of Inuit spiritual traditions in the new socio-political context of the North marked by the transition to a more urbanized way of life in the so called permanent communities as well as by the recent emergence of political autonomy. The model of the individual and voluntary shamanic quest that characterizes neo-shamanism appears not to be very attractive to Inuit. The tradition of shamanism is still too much alive to be revitalized and too controversial to be considered as folklore.